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Pisiform bone
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== Evolution == There are several hypotheses that seek to explain why we see pisiform reduction during the course of hominin evolution. Some suggest that the reduction of the pisiform allowed for ulnar deviation and that allowed for greater extension in the human wrist which increased our capacity for throwing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Young|first=Richard W.|date=2003|title=Evolution of the human hand: the role of throwing and clubbing|journal=Journal of Anatomy|volume=202|issue=1|pages=165β174|doi=10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00144.x|pmid=12587931|pmc=1571064|issn=0021-8782}}</ref> Scholars with this point of view would believe that these anatomical changes would improve the action of clubbing in our hominin ancestors. Others suggest that the pisiform's link with Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 could tie its developmental history to that of the [[forearm]], whose length is determined by Hox gene expression.<ref name=":0" /> Within the context of this hypothesis, because modern forearm proportions are not seen until ''[[Homo erectus]]'' at 1.5 million years ago, it is possible that pisiform reduction would have also occurred around this time.<ref name=":0" /> Alternatively, the same group suggests that the reduction could be a reflection of independent selection associated with the production and use of stone tools,<ref name=":0" /> but changes in pisiform [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] have yet to be studied in relation to their effect on wrist function.
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