Editing Pitch-accent language (section)

====Disyllabic accents====
One difference between a pitch accent and a stress accent is that it is not uncommon for a pitch accent to be realised over two syllables. Thus in [[Serbo-Croatian]], the difference between a "rising" and a "falling" accent is observed only in the pitch of the syllable following the accent: the accent is said to be "rising" if the following syllable is as high as or higher than the accented syllable, but "falling" if it is lower (see [[Serbo-Croatian phonology#Pitch accent]]).<ref>Zec, D., & [[Elizabeth Zsiga|Zsiga, E.]] (2010). [https://zsigaedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/zec_zsiga_interactiontonestressserbian_fasl18_2010.pdf "Interaction of Tone and Stress in Standard Serbian"] (Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics 18, 535–555. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Michigan Slavic Publications.)</ref>

In [[Vedic Sanskrit]], the ancient Indian grammarians described the accent as being a high pitch ({{IAST|udātta}}) followed by a falling tone ({{IAST|svarita}}) on the following syllable; but occasionally, when two syllables had merged, the high tone and the falling tone were combined on one syllable.<ref>Whitney, William Dwight (1879), [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sanskrit_Grammar/Chapter_II ''Sanskrit Grammar'' ch. 2], §§81–3.</ref><ref>Allen, W. Sidney (1987), ''Vox Graeca'' (3rd edition), p. 121.</ref>

In [[Swedish language|Standard Swedish]], the difference between accent 1 and accent 2 can only be heard in words of two or more syllables, since the tones take two syllables to be realised. In [[Värmland]] as well as [[Norrland]] accent 1 and 2 can be heard in monosyllabic words however. In the central Swedish dialect of [[Stockholm]], accent 1 is an LHL contour and accent 2 is an HLHL contour, with the second peak in the second syllable.<ref>Tomas Riad [https://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.29915.1320939951!/RiadStuf2006.pdf "Scandinavian accent typology"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808231941/http://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.29915.1320939951!/RiadStuf2006.pdf |date=8 August 2017 }}. ''Sprachtypol. Univ. Forsch.'' (STUF), Berlin 59 (2006) 1, 36–55; pp. 38–9.</ref>

In [[Welsh language|Welsh]], in most words the accent is realised as a low tone on the penultimate syllable (which is also stressed) followed by a high tone on the final; but in some dialects this LH contour may take place entirely within the penultimate syllable.<ref name=Cooper>Cooper, S.E. (2015). Bangor University PhD thesis.[http://e.bangor.ac.uk/4740/1/Cooper%202015%20Intonation%20in%20Anglesey%20Welsh.pdf "Intonation in Anglesey Welsh"], p. 165.</ref>

Similarly in the [[Chewa language|Chichewa]] language of Malawi a tone on a final syllable often spreads backwards to the penultimate syllable, so that the word {{lang|ny|Chichew'''á'''}} is actually pronounced ''Chich<u>ēw'''ā'''</u>'' with two mid-tones,<ref>Louw, Johan K. (1987). ''{{lang|ny|Pang'onopang'ono ndi Mtolo}}: Chichewa: A Practical Course''. UNISA Press, vol. 3, p. 22, 60.</ref> or ''Chichěw'''ā''''', with a rising tone on the penultimate syllable.<ref name="DM17">Downing, L.M. & Mtenje, A.D. (2017), ''The Phonology of Chichewa'', p. 119.</ref> Sentence-finally it can become ''Chich<u>ěwà</u>'' with a rising tone on the penultimate and a low tone on the final.<ref name="DM17" /><ref>Cf. Hyman, L.M. (2007) "Tone: Is it different?". UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2007), p. 500.</ref>