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Plate glass university
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==Other universities, sometimes referred to as plate glass universities== Research at the [[Department for Education]] in 2016 categorised universities into four age groups: [[Ancient university|ancient]] (pre-1800), [[Red brick university|red brick]] (1800β1960), plate glass (1960β1992), and [[New university|post-1992]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/557107/Teaching-Excellence-Framework-highly-skilled-employment..pdf|publisher=Department for Education|title=Teaching Excellence Framework: analysis of highly skilled employment outcomes |author=Peter Blyth and Arran Cleminson| date=September 2016|access-date=30 June 2017|page=18}}</ref> The institutions that gained university status in the 1960β1992 plate glass period are listed below. Almost all of these were promoted to university status, rather than created as universities like the institutions in Beloff's original list; ten were previously [[college of advanced technology (United Kingdom)|colleges of advanced technology]] (CATs). (Dates refer to the granting of university status, not to founding of the institution.) *[[Aston University]] (1966) β formerly Birmingham CAT<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aston.ac.uk/about/history/|title=History and Traditions|publisher=Aston University|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> *[[University of Bath]] (1966) β formerly Bristol College of Science and Technology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/the-story-of-the-university/|title=The story of the University|publisher=University of Bath|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> *[[University of Bradford]] (1966) β formerly Bradford Institute of Technology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bradford.ac.uk/about/heritage/|title=Heritage|publisher=University of Bradford|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref> *[[Brunel University]] (1966) β formerly Brunel CAT; became a member institution of the [[University of London]] in 2024 and now operates as "[[Brunel University of London]]" *[[University of Buckingham]] (1983) β formerly University College at Buckingham (from 1973) *[[City University, London]] (1966) β formerly Northampton CAT; became a college of the [[University of London]] and renamed "[[City, University of London]]" in 2016 *[[Heriot-Watt University]] (1966) β formerly School of Arts of Edinburgh *[[Keele University]] (1962) β formerly North Staffordshire University College *[[Loughborough University]] (1966) β formerly Loughborough CAT *[[Newcastle University]] (1963) β formerly King's College, [[University of Durham]] *[[Open University]] (1969) β ''de novo'' creation as a distance-learning university *[[University of Salford]] (1967) β formerly Salford CAT *[[University of Dundee]] (1969) β formerly Queen's College Dundee, part of the [[University of St Andrews]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/collections/archives/themunimentcollection/collegiaterecords/universitycollegedundeequeenscollege/|title=University College, Dundee and Queen's College|publisher=University of St Andrews|access-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> *[[University of Stirling]] (1967) β ''de novo'' creation as a university *[[University of Strathclyde]] (1964) β formerly the [[Royal College of Science and Technology]] *[[University of Surrey]] (1966) β formerly Battersea CAT *[[New University of Ulster]] (1968) β ''de novo'' creation as a university; merged with the older [[Magee College|Magee University College]] in 1969; merged with [[Ulster Polytechnic]] and renamed "[[Ulster University|University of Ulster]]" in 1984<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arts.ulster.ac.uk/eurocall/about_us/university.html|title=University|publisher=Ulster University|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.ulster.ac.uk/magee/history.htm|title=A History of Magee College|date=10 August 1999|publisher=Ulster University|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626003541/http://library.ulster.ac.uk/magee/history.htm|archive-date=26 June 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The DfE study classified higher education institutions (HEIs) according to "the length of time an HEI had been established", without a detailed definition of how this was determined Keele might thus be considered "Red Brick" under this classification as it entered the university sector (as a university college) prior to 1960), as might Newcastle and Dundee, which were colleges of the universities of [[Durham University|Durham]] and [[University of St Andrews|St Andrews]] respectively. The definition might also include institutions and colleges of the [[University of London]] that became part of the university sector in that period but did not receive university status: *[[Cranfield Institute of Technology]] (1969)<ref name="stewart">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoWlnnio7ToC&pg=PA108|page=108|title=Rediscovering identity in higher education|work=Higher Education: Patterns of Change in the 1970s| volume =15|author=W.A.C. Stewart|editor=John Lawlor|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=8 December 2011|isbn=9780415689205}}</ref> β formerly the College of Aeronautics; granted university status and renamed "[[Cranfield University]]" in 1993<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/0/cranfield-university-guide/|title=Cranfield University guide|work=[[Daily Telegraph]]|date=29 July 2016|access-date=1 July 2017}}</ref> * [[London Business School]] (1965) β established 1964, joined University of London 1965<ref>{{cite web|url=https://london.ac.uk/london-business-school|title=London Business School|publisher=University of London|access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref> * [[Royal College of Art]] (1967)<ref name="stewart">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoWlnnio7ToC&pg=PA108|page=108|title=Rediscovering identity in higher education|work=Higher Education: Patterns of Change in the 1970s| volume =15|author=W.A.C. Stewart|editor=John Lawlor|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=8 December 2011|isbn=9780415689205}}</ref> The Scottish universities from the 1960s (Heriot-Watt, Stirling, Strathclyde, Dundee and the Open University in Scotland) are also known as "chartered universities" as they were established, and are governed, by their royal charters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/11/2389/8|title=Higher Education in Scotland: In Context|work=Consultation Paper on a Higher Education Governance Bill|publisher=The Scottish Government|access-date=30 June 2017}}</ref>
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