Editing Point-blank range (section)

====Military====
Known also as "battle zero", maximum point-blank range is crucial in the military. Soldiers are instructed to fire at any target within this range by simply placing their weapon's sights on the center of mass of the enemy target. Any errors in range estimation are effectively irrelevant, as a well-aimed shot will hit the [[torso]] of the enemy soldier. No height correction is needed at the "battle zero" or less distance, but it can result in a headshot or even a complete miss. The belt buckle is used as battle zero point of aim in Russian and former Soviet military doctrine.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|author=Gordon Rottman |title=The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series Assault Rifles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qK9Nn-2xocUC&pg=PA42 |access-date=24 December 2011 |date=24 May 2011 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-84908-835-0 |pages=42–}}</ref><ref name="NmSuM">{{cite web|url=http://russianoptics.net/400mzero.html|title=Using a 400 meter zero with 5.45x39|access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref>

The first mass-produced [[assault rifle]], the World War II [[StG 44]], and its preceding prototypes had [[Iron sights|iron sight]] lines elevated over the bore axis to extend point-blank range. The current trend for elevated sights and flatter shooting higher-velocity cartridges in assault rifles is in part due to a desire to further extend the maximum point-blank range, which makes the rifle easier to use.<ref name="DsgEH">{{cite web|url=http://www.ar15.com/content/page.html?id=599 |title=An Improved Battlesight Zero for the M4 Carbine and M16A2 Rifle |access-date=11 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="tuFJs">{{cite web|url=https://www.ar15.com/content/webPDF/TM9-1005-319-10.pdf |title=TM 9-1005-319-10 (2010) – Operator's Manual for Rifle, 5.56 MM, M16A2/M16A3/M4 (Battlesight Zero pages 48–55)|access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref> Raising the sight line {{convert|48.5|to|66|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} over the bore axis, introduces an inherent [[parallax]] problem as the projectile path crosses the horizontal sighting plane twice. The point closest to the gun occurs while the bullet is climbing through the line of sight and is called the near zero. The second point occurs as the projectile is descending through the line of sight and is called the far zero. At closer ranges under the near zero range (typically inside {{convert|15|to|25|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}), the shooter must aim high to place shots where desired.