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Pollination
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==== By wind ==== [[File:Pollen from Dactylis glomerata.jpg|alt=Cat grass (Dactylis glomerata) spreading pollen by wind|thumb|Cat grass (''[[Dactylis glomerata]]'') spreading pollen by wind]] Some 98% of abiotic pollination is [[anemophily]], i.e., pollination by wind. This probably arose from insect pollination (entomophily), most likely due to changes in the environment or the availability of pollinators.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3zfLBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34 |title=Principles of Pollination Ecology |vauthors=Faegri K, Van der Pijl L |date=2013-10-22 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9781483293035 |page=34}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Whitehead DR |date=March 1969 |title=Wind Pollination in the Angiosperms: Evolutionary and Environmental Considerations |journal=Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=28β35 |doi=10.2307/2406479 |jstor=2406479 |pmid=28562955}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Culley |first1=Theresa M. |last2=Weller |first2=Stephen G. |last3=Sakai |first3=Ann K. |name-list-style=vanc |date=2002-08-01 |title=The evolution of wind pollination in angiosperms |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=361β369 |doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02540-5}}</ref> The transfer of pollen is more efficient than previously thought; wind pollinated plants have developed to have specific heights, in addition to specific floral, [[stamen]] and stigma positions that promote effective pollen dispersal and transfer.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Friedman J, Barrett SC |date=June 2009 |title=Wind of change: new insights on the ecology and evolution of pollination and mating in wind-pollinated plants |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=103 |issue=9 |pages=1515β27 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcp035 |pmc=2701749 |pmid=19218583}}</ref>
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