Editing Postdiction (section)

===Neuroscience===
In [[neuroscience]], postdiction indicates that the brain collects up information after an event before it retrospectively decides what happened at the time of the event ([[David Eagleman|Eagleman]] and Sejnowski, 2000<ref name="Eagleman_Sejnowski_2000">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eagleman DM, Sejnowski, TJ | title=Motion integration and postdiction in visual awareness | journal=Science | volume=287 | issue=5460 | pages=2036–8 | year=2000 | pmid=10720334 | doi=10.1126/science.287.5460.2036| bibcode=2000Sci...287.2036E }}<!--|doi-access=registration--></ref>). Postdiction is a particular interpretation of experimental results showing [[Visual temporal integration|temporal integration of information]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kinsbourne|first1=Marcel|last2=Dennett|first2=Daniel C.|date=June 1992|title=Time and the observer: The where and when of consciousness in the brain|journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences|language=en|volume=15|issue=2|pages=183–201|doi=10.1017/S0140525X00068229|s2cid=15053574 |issn=1469-1825}}</ref> and it has been largely debated.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sampath|first1=Vanitha|last2=Bedell|first2=Harold E.|last3=Ogmen|first3=Haluk|last4=Patel|first4=Saumil S.|date=2000-11-10|title=Flash-Lag Effect: Differential Latency, Not Postdiction|journal=Science|language=en|volume=290|issue=5494|pages=1051|doi=10.1126/science.290.5494.1051a|issn=0036-8075|pmid=11184992|doi-access=free|citeseerx=10.1.1.299.7320}}</ref> 

The duration of the window of temporal integration of sensory information ranges between tens to hundreds of milliseconds. Its duration significantly varies across tasks, so there may be several postdictive windows of integration, and they are consistent across subjects.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Melcher|first1=David|last2=Wutz|first2=Andreas|last3=Drewes|first3=Jan|last4=Fairhall|first4=Scott|date=2014-03-21|title=The Role of Temporal Integration Windows in Visual Perception|journal=Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences|series=International Conference on Timing and Time Perception, 31 March – 3 April 2014, Corfu, Greece|volume=126|pages=92–93|doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.323|issn=1877-0428|doi-access=free}}</ref> The duration of the postdictive windows of integration is supposedly hardwired in our brain, but it could be extended by training subjects to systematic delays between causally bounded events.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Stetson|first1=Chess|last2=Cui|first2=Xu|last3=Montague|first3=P. Read|last4=Eagleman|first4=David M.|date=2006-09-07|title=Motor-Sensory Recalibration Leads to an Illusory Reversal of Action and Sensation|journal=Neuron|volume=51|issue=5|pages=651–659|doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.006|pmid=16950162|s2cid=8179689|issn=0896-6273|doi-access=free}}</ref> The postdictive window is believed to be triggered by highly salient sensory events acting as ''resets'', such as abrupt stimuli onset<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Landau|first1=Ayelet Nina|last2=Fries|first2=Pascal|date=2012-06-05|title=Attention Samples Stimuli Rhythmically|journal=Current Biology|volume=22|issue=11|pages=1000–1004|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.054|pmid=22633805|issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Romei|first1=Vincenzo|last2=Gross|first2=Joachim|last3=Thut|first3=Gregor|date=2012-05-08|title=Sounds Reset Rhythms of Visual Cortex and Corresponding Human Visual Perception|journal=Current Biology|volume=22|issue=9|pages=807–813|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.025|pmid=22503499|issn=0960-9822|pmc=3368263}}</ref> and [[Saccade|saccadic eye movements]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Paradiso|first1=Michael A.|last2=Meshi|first2=Dar|last3=Pisarcik|first3=Jordan|last4=Levine|first4=Samuel|date=2012-12-12|title=Eye movements reset visual perception|journal=Journal of Vision|volume=12|issue=13|pages=11|doi=10.1167/12.13.11|issn=1534-7362|pmc=4504334|pmid=23241264}}</ref>

Postdiction is argued to play a central role in shaping our [[sense of agency]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shimojo|first=Shinsuke|date=2014|title=Postdiction: its implications on visual awareness, hindsight, and sense of agency|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|language=en|volume=5|pages=196|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00196|pmid=24744739|issn=1664-1078|pmc=3978293|doi-access=free }}</ref> by compressing the perceived interval between a voluntary action and its external sensory consequence.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=James W.|last2=Obhi|first2=Sukhvinder S.|date=2012-03-01|title=Intentional binding and the sense of agency: A review|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|series=Beyond the Comparator Model|volume=21|issue=1|pages=546–561|doi=10.1016/j.concog.2011.12.002|pmid=22240158|s2cid=7880327|issn=1053-8100|url=http://research.gold.ac.uk/6464/1/Binding%26SoAReviewC%26C2012.pdf}}</ref>

Postdictive mechanisms are believed to constantly underlie our perception, and can be revealed by some perceptual illusions: for example, in the [[flash lag illusion]]<ref name="Eagleman_Sejnowski_2000" /> and the [[cutaneous rabbit illusion]]<ref name="Goldreich_Tong_2013">{{cite journal|last=Goldreich|first=D|author2=Tong, J|date=10 May 2013|title=Prediction, Postdiction, and Perceptual Length Contraction: A Bayesian Low-Speed Prior Captures the Cutaneous Rabbit and Related Illusions|journal=Frontiers in Psychology|volume=4|pages=221|doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00221|pmid=23675360|pmc=3650428|doi-access=free}}</ref> the location of moving stimuli are mistakenly perceived due to their falling within the same postdictive window of integration.