Editing Power loom (section)

===Further useful improvements===
There now appear a series of useful improvements that are contained in patents for useless devices
* Horny, Kenworthy and Bullough of Blackburn (1834): the vibrating or fly reed
* John Ramsbottom and Richard Holt of Todmorden (1834): a new automatic weft stopping motion
* James Bullough of Blackburn (1835): improved automatic weft stopping motion and taking up and letting off arrangements
* Andrew Parkinson (1836): improved stretcher ([[Temple (Weaving)|temple]]).
* William Kenworthy and James Bullough (1841): trough and roller [[Temple (Weaving)|temple]] (became the standard), A simple stop-motion.<ref>{{harvnb|Marsden|1895|pp=88–95}}</ref>
At this point the loom has become automatic except for refilling weft pirns. The Cartwight loom weaver could work one loom at 120-130 picks per minute- with a Kenworthy and Bullough's [[Lancashire Loom]], a weaver can run four or more looms working at 220-260 picks per minute- thus giving eight (or more) times more throughput.
* James Henry Northrop (1894) invented a self-threading shuttle and shuttle spring jaws to hold a bobbin by means of rings on the butt. This paved the way to his automatic filling and changing battery of 1891, the basic feature of the [[Northrop Loom]]. The principal advantage of the Northrop loom was that it was fully automatic; when a warp thread broke, the loom stopped until it was fixed. When the shuttle ran out of thread, Northrop's mechanism ejected the depleted pirn and loaded a new full one without stopping. A loom operative could work 16 or more looms whereas previously they could only operate eight. Thus, the labor cost was halved. Mill owners had to decide whether the labor saving was worth the capital investment in a new loom. In all 700,000 looms were sold. By 1914, Northrop looms made up 40% of American looms. Northrop was responsible for several hundred weaving related patents.