Editing Probate (section)

==Probate process==
{{See also|Administration (probate law)}}
Probate is a process of improvement that proves a [[Will (law)|will]] of a deceased person is valid, so their property can in due course be retitled (US terminology) or transferred to beneficiaries of the will. As with any legal proceeding, there are technical aspects to probate administration:<ref name="ukprobate">For the U.K., see, e.g., {{cite web|title=Wills, probate and inheritance|url=https://www.gov.uk/wills-probate-inheritance|website=Gov.UK|access-date=20 September 2017}}, {{cite web|title=Probate|url=http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/for-the-public/common-legal-issues/probate/|website=The Law Society|access-date=20 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="auprobate">For Australia, See, e.g., {{cite web|title=What is Probate?|url=http://www.publictrustee.wa.gov.au/W/what_is_probate.aspx?uid=8745-7100-0334-7099|website=Public Trustee|access-date=20 September 2017|date=8 February 2017}}, {{cite web|title=Probate FAQs|url=http://www.supremecourt.wa.gov.au/P/probate_faqs.aspx|website=Supreme Court of Western Australia|access-date=20 September 2017|date=6 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="caprobate">For Canada, see e.g., {{cite news|last1=Kaufman|first1=Leanne|title=To probate or not to probate|url=http://business.financialpost.com/personal-finance/retirement/inheritance/to-probate-or-not-to-probate|access-date=20 September 2017|work=Financial Post|date=22 February 2013}}, {{cite web|title=Probating an Estate|url=https://www.sasklawcourts.ca/home/court-of-queen-s-bench/wills-and-estates/probating-an-estate|website=Courts of Saskatchewan|access-date=20 September 2017|date=2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="usprobate">For the United States, see e.g., {{cite web |title=When Someone Dies - A Non-Lawyer's Guide to Probate in Washington, DC |url=https://www.lawhelp.org/dc/resource/when-someone-dies-a-non-lawyers-guide-to-probate-in-washington-dc |access-date=20 September 2017 |website=Lawhelp.org |publisher=Council for Court Excellence}}, {{cite web |title=Wills, Estates, and Probate |url=http://www.courts.ca.gov/8865.htm |access-date=20 September 2017 |website=Judicial Branch of California}}</ref>
* Creditors must be notified and legal notices published.
* Executors of the will must be guided in how and when to distribute assets and how to take creditors' rights into account.
* A petition to appoint a [[personal representative]] may need to be filed and letters of administration (often referred to as "letters testamentary") issued. A Grant of Letters of Administration can be used as proof that the 'Administrator' is entitled to handle the assets.
* Homestead property, which follows its own set of unique rules in states like Florida, must be dealt with separately from other assets. In many [[common law]] jurisdictions such as Canada, parts of the US, the UK, Australia and India, any jointly-owned property passes automatically to the surviving joint owner separately from any will, unless the [[equitable title]] is held as [[tenants in common]].
* There are time factors involved in filing and objecting to claims against the estate.
* There may be a lawsuit pending over the decedent's death or there may have been pending suits that are now continuing. There may be separate procedures required in contentious probate cases.
* [[Real estate]] or other property may need to be sold to effect the correct distribution of assets pursuant to the will, or merely to pay debts.
* Estate taxes, gift taxes or inheritance taxes must be considered if the estate exceeds certain thresholds.
* Costs of the administration including ordinary taxation such as income tax on interest and property taxation are deducted from assets in the estate before distribution by the executors of the will.
* Other assets may simply need to be transferred from the deceased to his or her beneficiaries, such as life insurance. Other assets may have pay on death or transfer on death designations, which avoids probate.
* The rights of [[Beneficiary|beneficiaries]] must be respected, in terms of providing proper and adequate notice, making timely distribution of estate assets, and otherwise administering the estate properly and efficiently.

Local laws governing the probate process often depend on the value and complexity of the estate. If the value of the estate is relatively small, the probate process may be avoided. In some jurisdictions and/or at a certain threshold, probate must be applied for by the executor/administrator or a probate [[lawyer]] filing on their behalf.

A probate lawyer offers services in probate court, and may be retained to open an estate or offer service during the course of probate proceedings on behalf of the administrator or executor of the estate. Probate lawyers may also represent heirs, creditors and other parties who have a legal interest in the outcome of the estate.

In common law jurisdictions, probate ("official proving of a will") is obtained by executors of a will while [[letters of administration]] are granted where there are no executors.<ref name=Collinson>{{cite news|last1=Collinson|first1=Patrick|title=Probate: avoid a final rip-off when sorting out your loved one's estate|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2013/sep/21/probate-avoid-rip-off-comparing|access-date=19 September 2017|work=The Guardian|date=21 September 2013}}</ref>