Editing Probation (section)

== Types ==
[[File:Robert Patten Probation Detention Center.jpg|thumb|Robert L. Patten Probation Detention Center in [[Lakeland, Georgia]]]]
===Intensive===
Home detention, GPS monitoring and computer management are highly intrusive forms of probation in which the offender is very closely monitored. It is common for violent criminals, higher-ranking [[gang]] members, habitual offenders, and sex offenders to be supervised at this level. Some jurisdictions require offenders under such supervision to waive their constitutional rights under the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]] regarding search and seizure, and such probationers may be subject to unannounced home or workplace visits, surveillance, and the use of [[Electronic monitoring in the United States|electronic monitoring]] or satellite tracking. Under terms of this kind of probation, an offender may not change their living address and must stay at the address that is known to probation. [[Global Positioning System|GPS monitoring]] and home detention are common in juvenile cases, even if the underlying delinquency is minor.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=The American Probation and Parole Association|work=Perspectives|title=Managing the Risks Posed by Offender Computer Use|date=December 2011 |url=https://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/stances/ip_MRPOCU.pdf }}</ref> Some types of supervision may entail installing some form of monitoring software or conducting computer searches to ascertain what an offender is doing online. Cybercrime specialist in corrections, [[Art Bowker]], noted: "This is an area more and more community corrections officers are going to have to get up to speed on, learning how to enforce conditions that restrict and/or monitor cyber offenders' computer and internet use."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Masters|first1=Greg|title=The global landscape: International cooperation|url=https://www.scmagazine.com/the-global-landscape-international-cooperation/article/544071/4/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829203345/https://www.scmagazine.com/the-global-landscape-international-cooperation/article/544071/4/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 29, 2017|website=SC Media|publisher=Haymarket Media, Inc.|access-date=29 August 2017|date=2 April 2012}}</ref> Bowker, also observed that "The use of social media is taking off in the field of community corrections".<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweeney|first=Emily|date=November 28, 2012|title=Probation 2.0: How Technology Is Changing Probation Work|work=Boston|publisher=Boston.com|url=http://www.boston.com/yourtown/2012/11/29/probation-how-technology-changing-probation-work-probation-officers-tap-social-media/Y5rpa12H1LOWQ7No6v211K/story.html}}</ref>

===Standard===
Offenders under standard supervision are generally required to report to an officer, most commonly between biweekly and quarterly, and are subject to any other conditions as may have been ordered, such as alcohol/drug treatment, community service, and so on.

===Unsupervised===
Some probation does not involve direct supervision by an officer or probation department. The probationer is expected to complete any conditions of the order with no involvement of a probation officer, and perhaps within a period shorter than that of the sentence itself. For example, given one year of unsupervised probation, a probationer might be required to have completed community service and paid court costs or fines within the first six months. For the remaining six months, the probationer may be required merely to refrain from unlawful behavior. Probationers are allowed to go to their workplaces, educational institutions, or places of worship. Such probationers may be asked to meet with an officer at the onset or near the end of the probationary period, or not at all. If terms are not completed, an officer may file a petition to revoke probation.

===Informal===
Informal probation may occur with [[deferred adjudication]], without the defendant's having been convicted of a criminal offense, or may occur following a guilty plea pending the completion of terms set forth in a plea agreement. As with other forms of probation, terms may include [[drug test]]ing or waiver of Fourth Amendment rights for the duration of the term of probation. At the end of the informal period, the case is typically dismissed. This is usually offered as part of a plea bargain or pre-trial diversion.

===Shock===
Some programs give a sentencing judge the power to reconsider an original jail sentence. The judge may recall the inmate from jail and put him or her on probation within the community instead. The courts have a theory that a short term in jail may "shock" a criminal into changing their behavior. Shock probation can be used only between a specific period of 30–120 days after the original sentence, and is not available in all states.<ref name="dressler2002">{{cite book|last=Dressler|first=Joshua|title=Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice|year=2002|publisher=Gale Group}}</ref>