Editing Prochlorperazine (section)

== Side effects ==
Sedation is very common, and [[Extrapyramidal symptoms|extrapyramidal side effects]] are common and include restlessness, [[dystonic]] reactions, [[pseudoparkinsonism]], and [[akathisia]]; the extrapyramidal symptoms can affect 2% of people at low doses, whereas higher doses may affect as many as 40% of people.<ref name=Brown1998>{{cite book | vauthors = Brown TM, Stoudemire A | title = Psychiatric Side Effects of Prescription and Over-The-Counter Medications | chapter = Antipsychotics | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing | year = 1998 | pages = 1946 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K7kevbILCuQC&pg=PA1946| isbn = 9780880488686 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/sfx/procot-side-effects.html|title=Procot Side Effects in Detail|website=Drugs.com}}</ref>

Prochlorperazine can also cause a life-threatening condition called [[neuroleptic malignant syndrome]] (NMS). Some symptoms of NMS include high fever, stiff muscles, neck muscle spasms, confusion, irregular pulse or blood pressure, fast heart rate (tachycardia), sweating, and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Research from the Veterans Administration and the United States [[Food and Drug Administration]] show injection site reactions. Adverse effects are similar in children.<ref name=Lin2016/>

=== Warning ===
The FDA-approved label for prochlorperazine includes a warning for increased risk of mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prochlorperazine Maleate Tablets, USP|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=2fd7803f-fb1f-4f00-86ad-c2436b569e6d&type=display#:~:text=WARNINGS-,Increased%20Mortality%20in%20Elderly%20Patients%20with%20Dementia-Related%20Psychosis,psychosis%20(see%20BOXED%20WARNING).|access-date=2022-02-02|website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> 

===Discontinuation===
The [[British National Formulary]] recommends a gradual withdrawal when [[discontinuing antipsychotics]] to avoid acute withdrawal syndrome or rapid relapse.<ref name="Group 2009 192">{{cite book |editor1-first=BMJ | editor =  Joint Formulary Committee  | title = British National Formulary | edition = 57 | date = March 2009 |publisher=Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-0-85369-845-6 |page=192 |chapter=4.2.1 |quote=Withdrawal of antipsychotic drugs after long-term therapy should always be gradual and closely monitored to avoid the risk of acute withdrawal syndromes or rapid relapse.}}</ref> Symptoms of withdrawal commonly include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.<ref name=Had2004>{{cite book | vauthors = Haddad P, Haddad PM, Dursun S, Deakin B |title=Adverse Syndromes and Psychiatric Drugs: A Clinical Guide |date=2004 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=9780198527480 |pages=207–216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWR7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA207 }}</ref> Other symptoms may include restlessness, increased sweating, and trouble sleeping.<ref name=Had2004/> Less commonly there may be a feeling of the world spinning, numbness, or muscle pains.<ref name=Had2004/> Symptoms generally resolve after a short period of time.<ref name=Had2004/>

There is tentative evidence that discontinuation of antipsychotics can result in psychosis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moncrieff J | title = Does antipsychotic withdrawal provoke psychosis? Review of the literature on rapid onset psychosis (supersensitivity psychosis) and withdrawal-related relapse | journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | volume = 114 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–13 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16774655 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00787.x | s2cid = 6267180 }}</ref> It may also result in reoccurrence of the condition that is being treated.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Sacchetti E, Vita A, Siracusano A, Fleischhacker W |title=Adherence to Antipsychotics in Sc |date=2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9788847026797 |page=85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odE-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 }}</ref> Rarely tardive dyskinesia can occur when the medication is stopped.<ref name=Had2004/>