Editing Proximity card (section)

== Standards for proximity cards ==
Proximity cards are all proprietary. This is also the case of the memory-based first generation of [[contactless smartcard]]s. This means that there is no compatibility between the readers of a specific brand and the cards of another brand.

[[Contactless smartcard]]s are covered by the [[ISO/IEC 14443]] and/or the [[ISO/IEC 15693]] OR [[ISO/IEC 18000]] standards.  These standards define two types of card ("A" and "B", each with different [[communications protocols]]) which typically have a range up to {{cvt|10|cm|in|0}}. The related [[ISO/IEC 15693]] ([[vicinity card]]) standard typically works up to a longer range of {{convert|100|cm|in|0}}.
The reality is that [[ISO/IEC 14443]] as well as [[ISO/IEC 15693]] can only be fully implemented on microprocessor-based cards. The best way to check if a technology meets ISO standard is to ask the manufacturer if it can be emulated on other devices without any proprietary hardware.