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Psychological contract
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==Psychological contracts in teams== Psychological contracts have also been theorized to occur within teams of individuals as they share everyday experiences, are subject to similar team-level promises, and interact collectively with other organizational agents. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Laulié|first=Lyonel|year=2016|title=A multi-level theory of psychological contract fulfillment in teams|journal=Group & Organization Management|volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=658–698 |doi=10.1177/1059601116668972 }}</ref> Based on the macrosociological perspective of social exchange theory as well as theories on the role of social influence in psychological contract evaluations, shared psychological contract fulfilment (PCF) shapes the relationship between individual PCF and outcomes,<ref name=":23">Tekleab, Amanuel, Lyonel Laulié, Ans de Vos, Jeroen de Jong, and Jacqueline Coyle-Shapiro. "Contextualizing psychological contracts research: A multi-sample study of shared individual psychological contract fulfilment" ''European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology'' 29.2 (2020): 279–293. </ref> as well as facilitate the emergence of specific team states. <ref name=":24">Laulié, Lyonel and Maximiliano Escaffi-Schwarz . "Emergence in context: How team-client psychological contract fulfillment is associated with the emergence of team identification or team-member exchange" Journal of Applied Psychology (2024). </ref> Team-level PCF has been associated with higher levels of team engagement, lower average turnover intention, and higher and more positive affective climates. <ref name=":25">Laulié, Lyonel, Amanuel Tekleab, and Denise Rousseau. "Psychological Contracts at Different Levels: The Cross-Level and Comparative Multilevel Effects of Team Psychological Contract Fulfillment" Group & Organization Management (2023) {{doi|10.1177/10596011231203365}}. </ref> This line of research has suggested that organizations do not exclusively develop psychological contracts with individuals but also with groups or teams as entities that develop exchanges with an organization as a whole. This idea was also developed by Denise Rousseau when she described the notion of "normative contracts" in her seminal 1995 book.
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