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Pumped-storage hydroelectricity
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==Location requirements== The main requirement for PSH is hilly country. The global greenfield pumped hydro atlas<ref>{{Cite web |title=ANU RE100 Map |url=https://re100.anu.edu.au/#share=g-e5955e35f1c7f3677ac265bcddb4c30b |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=re100.anu.edu.au}}</ref> lists more than 800,000 potential sites around the world with combined storage of 86 million GWh (equivalent to the effective storage in about 2 trillion electric vehicle batteries), which is about 100 times more than needed to support 100% renewable electricity. Most are closed-loop systems away from rivers. Areas of natural beauty and new dams on rivers can be avoided because of the very large number of potential sites. Some projects utilise existing reservoirs (dubbed "bluefield") such as the 350 Gigawatt-hour Snowy 2.0 scheme<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.snowyhydro.com.au/snowy-20/about/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Snowy Hydro |language=en-AU}}</ref> under construction in Australia. Some recently proposed projects propose to take advantage of [[Brownfield land|"brownfield" locations]] such as disused mines such as the Kidston project<ref>{{Cite web |title=250MW Kidston Pumped Storage Hydro Project |url=https://genexpower.com.au/250mw-kidston-pumped-storage-hydro-project/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=Genex Power |language=en-AU}}</ref> under construction in Australia.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201202/20120208ATT37544/20120208ATT37544EN.pdf |title=European Renewable Energy Network |date=2019-07-17 |page=188|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717012026/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201202/20120208ATT37544/20120208ATT37544EN.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2019 }}</ref>
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