Editing Quarry (section)

==Problems==
[[File:Carrara_12.JPG|thumb|Extraction work in a marble quarry in [[Carrara]], Italy]]
Quarries in level areas with shallow [[groundwater]] or which are located close to surface water often have [[engineering]] problems with [[drainage]]. Generally the water is removed by pumping while the quarry is operational, but for high inflows more complex approaches may be required. For example, the [[Coquina quarry]] is excavated to more than {{Convert|60|ft}} below sea level.

To reduce surface leakage, a [[moat]] lined with [[clay]] was constructed around the entire quarry. [[Groundwater]] entering the pit is pumped up into the moat. As a quarry becomes deeper, water inflows generally increase and it also becomes more expensive to lift the water higher during removal; this can become the limiting factor in quarry depth. Some water-filled quarries are worked from beneath the water, by dredging.

Many people and municipalities consider quarries to be eyesores and require various abatement methods to address problems with noise, dust, and appearance. One of the more effective and famous examples of successful quarry restoration is [[Butchart Gardens]] in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/driving-and-transportation/transportation-infrastructure/contracting-with-the-province/documents/archive-unoffical-tender-documents-90-days/12626-0002/t3-5-reclamation-and-environmental-protection-handbook-1995.pdf|title=BCMEMPR, BCMTH, and NRC. (1995). Reclamation and Environmental Protection Handbook for Sand, Gravel and Quarry Operations in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Energy Mines and Petroleum Resources Ministry of Transportation and Highways Natural Resources Canada.}}</ref>

A further problem is pollution of roads from trucks leaving the quarries. To control and restrain the pollution of public roads, [[wheel washing system]]s are becoming more common.

===Quarry lakes===
{{main|Quarry lake}}
Many quarries naturally fill with water after abandonment and become [[lake]]s. Others are made into [[landfill]]s.

Water-filled quarries can be very deep, often {{cvt|50|ft||}} or more, and surprisingly cold, so swimming in quarry lakes is generally not recommended. Unexpectedly cold water can cause a swimmer's muscles to suddenly weaken; it can also cause [[Shock (circulatory)|shock]] and even [[hypothermia]].<ref name=ACA>{{cite web |url=http://www.enter.net/~skimmer/coldwater.html |title=American Canoe Association explanation of cold shock |publisher=Enter.net |access-date=2012-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616161846/http://www.enter.net/~skimmer/coldwater.html |archive-date=2012-06-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Though quarry water is often very clear, submerged quarry stones, abandoned equipment, dead animals and strong currents make diving into these quarries extremely dangerous. Several people drown in quarries each year.<ref name=USDoL>{{cite web |url=http://www.msha.gov/SOSA/previousfatalstats.asp |title=US Dept. of Labor list of mine related fatalities |publisher=Msha.gov |access-date=2012-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309155406/http://www.msha.gov/SOSA/previousfatalstats.asp |archive-date=2012-03-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=GEO>{{cite web|url=http://geology.com/articles/abandoned-mines.shtml |title=on quarry drownings |publisher=Geology.com |date=2007-11-03 |access-date=2012-05-14}}</ref> However, many inactive quarries are converted into safe swimming sites.<ref>{{cite web |title=Centennial Beach - History |url=http://www.centennialbeach.org/history |website=www.centennialbeach.org |access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=City of Coral Gables - Venetian Pool |url=https://www.coralgables.com/departments/CommunityRecreation/venetian-pool |website=www.coralgables.com |access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref>

Such lakes, even lakes within active quarries, can provide important habitat for animals.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sievers |first1=Michael |title=Sand quarry wetlands provide high-quality habitat for native amphibians |journal=Web Ecology |date=19 May 2017 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=19–27 |doi=10.5194/we-17-19-2017|doi-access=free |hdl=10072/411143 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
{{Wide image|Rummu karjäär1.jpg|600px|An abandoned limestone quarry in Rummu, Estonia}}