Editing Quechuan languages (section)

===Family tree===
[[Alfredo Torero]] devised the traditional classification, the three divisions above, plus a fourth, a northern or Peruvian branch. The latter causes complications in the classification, however, as various dialects (e.g. [[Cajamarca–Cañaris Quechua|Cajamarca–Cañaris]], [[Pacaraos Quechua|Pacaraos]], and [[Yauyos–Chincha Quechua|Yauyos]]) have features of both Quechua I and Quechua II, and so are difficult to assign to either.

Torero classifies them as the following:

{{tree list}}
* '''Quechuan'''
** [[Quechua I]] or ''Quechua B,'' {{aka}} ''Central Quechua'' or ''Waywash,'' spoken in Peru's central highlands and coast.
*** The most widely spoken varieties are Huaylas, Huaylla Wanca, and Conchucos.
** {{ill|Quechua II|es}} or ''Quechua A'' or ''Peripheral Quechua'' or ''Wanp'una'', divided into
*** Yungay (Yunkay) Quechua or ''Quechua II A,'' spoken in the northern mountains of Peru; the most widely spoken dialect is Cajamarca.
*** [[Northern Quechua]] or ''Quechua II B,'' spoken in Ecuador ([[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]), northern Peru, and Colombia ([[Inga Kichwa]])
**** The most widely spoken varieties in this group are Chimborazo Highland Quichua and Imbabura Highland Quichua.
*** [[Southern Quechua]] or ''Quechua II C,'' spoken in Bolivia, Chile, southern Peru  and Northwest Argentina.
**** The most widely spoken varieties are South Bolivian, Cusco, Ayacucho, and Puno (Collao).
{{tree list/end}}

<!-- This schematic was introduced with the summary of Torero above, but it does not reflect Torero's classification, and its origin is not clear.
{{Clade
| label1=Proto-Quechua
| 1={{Clade
  | label1=[[Quechua I]]
  | 1={{Clade
     | label1=Central
     | 1={{Clade
        | label1='''[[Ancash Quechua|Huaylay]]'''
        | 1={{Clade
           | 1=Huaylas
           | 2=Conchucos}}
        | label2='''[[Alto Pativilca–Alto Marañón–Alto Huallaga Quechua|Alto Pativilca–Alto Marañón–Alto Huallaga]]'''
        | 2={{Clade
           | 1=Alto Pativilca
           | 2=Alto Marañón
           | 3=Alto Huallaga }}
        | label3=Huancay
        | 3={{Clade
           | 1='''[[Yaru Quechua|Yaru]]'''
           | 2='''[[Wanka Quechua|Jauja–Huanca]]'''
           | 3=[[Yauyos–Chincha Quechua|Huangáscar–Topará]] }} }}
     | 2=[[Pacaraos Quechua|Pacaraos]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
       }}
  | label2=[[Quechua II]]
  | 2={{Clade
     | label1=Yungay <br>(Quechua II-A)
     | 1={{Clade
        | label2='''[[Northern Peruvian Quechua|Northern Peruvian]]'''
        | 2={{Clade
            | 1=Inkawasi–Kañaris
            | 2=Cajamarca}}
        | label1='''[[Yauyos–Chincha Quechua|Central]]'''
        | 1={{Clade
           | 1=Laraos
           | 2=[[Lincha Quechua|Lincha]]
           | 3=Apurí
           | 4=Chocos
           | 5=Madean }} }}
     | label2=Chinchay
     | 2={{Clade
        | label1=[[Northern Quechua|Northern]] <br>(Quechua II-B)
        | 1={{Clade
           | 1='''[[Kichwa|Ecuador–Colombia]]'''
           | 2=[[Chachapoyas Quechua|Chachapoyas]] (Amazonas)
           | 3=[[Lamas Quechua|Lamas]] (San Martín) }}
        | label2='''Classical'''{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
        | 2={{Clade
           | 1=† ''quechua''
           | label2= '''[[Southern Quechua]]''' <br>(Quechua II-C)
           | 2={{Clade
              | 1=[[Ayacucho Quechua|Ayacucho]]
              | label2=Cuzco–Collao
              | 2={{Clade
                 | 1=[[Cuzco Quechua|Cuzco]]
                 | 2=Northern Bolivia
                 | 3=[[South Bolivian Quechua|Southern Bolivia]] }}
              | 3=[[Santiago del Estero Quichua|Santiago del Estero]] }}}} }} }}}} }}
-->
[[Willem Adelaar]] adheres to the Quechua I / Quechua II (central/peripheral) bifurcation. But, partially following later modifications by Torero, he reassigns part of Quechua II-A to Quechua I:<ref>Adelaar 2004.{{page needed|date=September 2013}}</ref>

{{Clade
| label1=Proto-Quechua
| 1={{Clade
 | label1=Quechua I
 | 1={{Clade
       | label1=Central
       | 1={{Clade
         | 1='''[[Ancash Quechua|Ancash]]''' (Huaylas–Conchucos)
         | 2='''[[Alto Pativilca–Alto Marañón–Alto Huallaga Quechua|Alto Pativilca–Alto Marañón–Alto Huallaga]]'''
         | 3='''[[Yaru Quechua|Yaru]]'''
         | 4='''[[Wanka Quechua|Wanka]]''' (Jauja–Huanca)
         | 5='''[[Yauyos–Chincha Quechua|Yauyos–Chincha]]''' (Huangáscar–Topará)
             }}
       | 2=[[Pacaraos Quechua|Pacaraos]]
     }}
 | label2=Quechua II
 | 2={{Clade
     | label1='''[[Cajamarca–Cañaris Quechua|Cajamarca–Cañaris]]'''<br>(Quechua II-A, reduced)
     | 1={{Clade
           | 1=[[Lambayeque Quechua|Lambayeque]] (Cañaris)
           | 2=[[Cajamarca Quechua|Cajamarca]]
         }}
     | label2=(Quechua II-A split)
     | 2=[[Lincha Quechua|Lincha]]
     | label3=(Quechua II-A split)
     | 3=Laraos
     | 4={{Clade
       | label1=Northern Quechua <br>(Quechua II-B)
       | 1={{Clade
             | 1='''[[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]''' ("Ecuadorian" or Highlands and Oriente)
             | 2=[[Chachapoyas Quechua|Chachapoyas]] (Amazonas)
             | 3=[[Lamas Quechua|Lamas]] (San Martín)
           }}
       | label2= '''[[Southern Quechua]]'''<br>(Quechua II-C)
       | 2={{Clade
               | 1=[[Ayacucho Quechua|Ayacucho]]
               | 2=[[Cusco Quechua|Cusco]]
               | 3=[[Puno Quechua|Puno]] (Collao)
               | 4=[[North Bolivian Quechua|Northern Bolivian]] (Apolo)
               | 5=[[South Bolivian Quechua|Southern Bolivia]]
               | 6=[[Santiagueño Quechua|Santiago del Estero]]}}
         }} }}
}} }}

Landerman (1991) does not believe a true genetic classification is possible and divides Quechua II so that the family has four geographical–typological branches: Northern, North Peruvian, Central, and Southern. He includes Chachapoyas and Lamas in North Peruvian Quechua so Ecuadorian is synonymous with Northern Quechua.<ref>Peter Landerman, 1991. ''Quechua dialects and their classification.'' PhD dissertation, UCLA</ref>