Editing Remaster (section)

=== Film and television ===
[[File:Remaster.png|thumb|right|''[[The Big Boss]]'': original footage on the left; remastered footage on the right]]
To remaster a film digitally for DVD and [[Blu-ray]], digital restoration operators must scan in the film frame by frame at a resolution of at least 2,048 pixels across (referred to as [[2K resolution]]).<ref name="Film restoration BBC">{{cite web|title=Mission possible: Film restoration|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/7525143.stm|publisher=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=6 June 2013|date=25 July 2008}}</ref> Some films are scanned at [[4K resolution|4K]], [[6K resolution|6K]], or even [[8K resolution]] to be ready for higher resolution devices.<ref name="Film restoration BBC" /> Scanning a film at 4K—a resolution of 4096&nbsp;×&nbsp;3092 for a full frame of film—generates at least 12 terabytes of data before any editing is done.<ref name="Film restoration BBC" />

Digital restoration operators then use specialist software such as MTI's Digital Restoration System (DRS) to remove scratches and dust from damaged film. Restoring the film to its original color is also included in this process.<ref name="How Stuff Works CD/DVD remaster" />

As well as remastering the video aspect, the audio is also remastered using such software as [[Pro Tools]] to remove background noise and boost dialogue volumes so when actors are speaking they are easier to understand and hear.<ref name="How Stuff Works CD/DVD remaster" /> Audio effects are also added or enhanced, as well as [[surround sound]], which allows the soundtrack elements to be spread among multiple speakers for a more immersive experience.<ref name="How Stuff Works CD/DVD remaster" />

An example of a restored film is the 1939 film ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]''.<ref name=RestoreOz>{{cite video |year=2005 |title=Prettier Than Ever: The Restoration of Oz [DVD bonus feature from ''The Wizard of Oz: 3-Disc Special Edition'' (rel. 2005)]|publisher=[[Warner Home Video]]}}</ref> The color portions of ''Oz'' were shot in the [[Technicolor#Three-strip Technicolor|three-strip Technicolor process]], which in the 1930s yielded three black and white negatives created from [[RGB color model|red, green and blue]] light filters which were used to print the [[CMYK color model|cyan, magenta and yellow]] portions of the final printed color film [[answer print]].<ref name=RestoreOz /> These three negatives were scanned individually into a computer system, where the digital images were tinted and combined using proprietary software.<ref name=RestoreOz />

The cyan, magenta, and yellow records had suffered from shrinkage over the decades, and the software used in the restoration morphed all three records into the correct alignment.<ref name=RestoreOz /> The software was also used to remove dust and scratches from the film by copying data, for example, from the cyan and yellow records to fix a blemish in the magenta record.<ref name=RestoreOz /> Restoring the film made it possible to see precise visual details not visible on earlier home releases: for example, when the [[Scarecrow (Oz)|Scarecrow]] says "I have a brain", [[burlap]] is noticeable on his cheeks. It was also not possible to see a [[rivet]] between the [[Tin Woodman|Tin Man]]'s eyes prior to the restoration.<ref name=RestoreOz />

Shows that were shot and edited entirely on film, such as ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]'', are able to be re-released in HD through re-scanning the original film negatives; the remastering process for the show additionally enabled Paramount to digitally update certain special effects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aintitcool.com/display.cgi?id=24344 |title=Kirk/Spock STAR TREK To Get All-New HD Spaceships |website=Aintitcool.com |access-date=2009-08-22}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2009}} Shows that were made between the early 1980s and the early 2000s were generally shot on film, then transferred to and edited on standard-definition videotape, making high-definition transfers impossible without re-editing the product from scratch, such as with the HD release of ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', which cost [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] over $12 million to produce. Because of this release's commercial failure, Paramount chose not to give ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine|Deep Space Nine]]'' or ''[[Star Trek: Voyager|Voyager]]'' the same treatment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/dvd-bluray/star-trek/261992/star-trek-ds9-voyager-hd-blu-ray-will-likely-never-happen|title=Star Trek: DS9 & Voyager HD Blu-Ray Will Likely Never Happen|first=Kayti|last=Burt|date=2017-02-06|website=Den of Geek}}</ref> In 2014, ''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]'' was digitally remastered from the original film and audio tracks.<ref>[https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/movies_tv/pee-wees-playhouse-makes-high-def-debut-remastered-and-more-colorful-than-ever-full-home/article_06e35ff8-5932-5e8e-859f-b6f08de611ce.html 'Pee-wee's Playhouse' makes high-def debut, remastered and more colorful than ever (full home-video listings)]</ref>

==== Criticism ====
Remastered films have been the subject of criticism. When the [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] film ''[[Predator (film)|Predator]]'' was remastered, it was felt by some critics that the process was overdone, resulting in Schwarzenegger's skin looking waxy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vanhemert|first=Kyle|title=When Movie Remastering Goes Too Far|url=https://gizmodo.com/when-movie-remastering-goes-too-far-5583645|publisher=gizmodo.com|access-date=27 September 2019|date=10 July 2010}}</ref> As well as complaints about the way the picture looks, there have been other complaints about digital fixing.<ref name="E.T. Guns with Walkie Talkies">{{cite web|title=Spielberg Repents for Replacing Those 'E.T.' Guns with Walkie Talkies|url=http://www.iwatchstuff.com/2011/09/spielberg-repents-for-replacing-those-et.php|publisher=iwatchstuff.com|access-date=20 August 2013|date=15 September 2011}}</ref> One notable complaint is from the 2002 remastered version of ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' (1982), where director [[Steven Spielberg]] replaced guns in the hands of police and federal agents with [[walkie-talkie]]s. A later 30th-anniversary edition released in 2012 saw the return of the original scene.<ref name="E.T. Guns with Walkie Talkies" />