Editing Retroflex consonant (section)

===Other conventions===
Some linguists restrict these symbols for consonants with subapical palatal articulation, in which the tongue is curled back and contacts the hard palate, and use the alveolar symbols with the [[Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet|obsolete IPA underdot symbol]] for an apical post-alveolar articulation: {{angbr IPA|ṭ, ḍ, ṇ, ṣ, ẓ, ḷ, ɾ̣, ɹ̣}}, and use {{angbr IPA|ᶘ, ᶚ}} for laminal retroflex, as in Polish and Russian.<ref name="Laver 1994 p. ">{{cite book | last=Laver | first=John | title=Principles of Phonetics | date=1994 | isbn=0-521-45031-4 | ol=22577661M }}</ref> The latter are also often transcribed with a retraction diacritic, as {{angbr IPA|s̠}}. Otherwise they are typically but inaccurately transcribed as if they were palato-alveolar, as {{angbr IPA|ʃ}}.

Consonants with more forward articulation, in which the tongue touches the [[alveolar consonant|alveolar]] or [[postalveolar consonant|postalveolar]] region rather than the hard palate, can be indicated with the [[Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted|retracted diacritic]] ([[Plus and minus signs#Other uses|minus sign below]]). This occurs especially for {{IPA|[s̠ ẕ]}}; other sounds indicated this way, such as {{angbr IPA|ṉ ḻ ḏ}}, tend to refer to [[alveolo-palatal consonant|alveolo-palatal]] rather than retroflex consonants.