Editing Robert C. Bonner (section)

==United States Customs Service==

On June 24, 2001, President [[George W. Bush]] nominated Bonner as Commissioner of the [[United States Customs Service]], later known as [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] (CBP), and he was confirmed on September 19, 2001, a little more than a week after the [[September 11 attacks]]. During his time as Commissioner, Bonner implemented far-reaching security changes, including the establishment of the National Targeting Center, the [[Container Security Initiative]] (CSI), and the [[Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism]] (C-TPAT).

As part of the homeland security re-organization of 2003, Bonner was appointed the first Commissioner of CBP, a merger of the Border Patrol and other front line immigration and agriculture protection functions with most of the United States Customs Service to create the first unified border agency in U.S. history. It remains the largest merger of people and functions within the [[Department of Homeland Security]], affecting nearly 60,000 employees. Bonner announced his resignation as Commissioner on September 28, 2005, and retired on November 25, 2005, after four years of service.<ref name=GDC /> He is featured in the documentary "The New Colossus," by Professor Alan Marcus, where he discusses post-9/11 border security measures.