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Rotenone
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==== Notable administrations as piscicide ==== Norwegian authorities have been using rotenone since the mid-1980s to eradicate the salmon fluke [[Gyrodactylus salaris]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adolfsen |first=PΓ₯l |last2=Bardal |first2=Helge |last3=Aune |first3=Svein |date=2021 |title=Fighting an invasive fish parasite in subarctic Norwegian rivers β The end of a long story? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3 |journal=Management of Biological Invasions |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=49β65 |doi=10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3 |issn=1989-8649|doi-access=free }}</ref> and as of 2024 48 out of 54 affected river catchments have been treated. Additionally, many lakes and ponds have been rotenone treated in an effort to remove national or regional invasive species, such as [[Northern pike]], [[Common roach|roach]], [[minnow]], [[crucian carp]], [[Tench]] and [[European perch|perch]].<ref>Bardal, H. 2019. Small- and large-scale eradication of invasive fish and fish parasites in freshwater systems in Norway. In: C.R. Veitch, M.N. Clout, A.R. Martin, J.C. Russell, and C.J. West (eds.). Island invasives: scaling up to meet the challenge, pp. 457-451. Occasional paper SSC no. 62. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.</ref> In 1992, [[Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission]] (FWC) officials used rotenone to eradicate an established population of invasive [[Parachromis managuensis|jaguar cichlids]] from a small pond in [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]]. Officials were successful in killing every jaguar cichlid (along with every other fish) in the pond, but unsuccessful in eradicating them from [[Florida]]; the cichlids had already spread throughout the [[Miami Canal]] and its connected [[waterway]]s, and by 1994, jaguar cichlids had successfully established themselves throughout [[Southern Florida|Southern]] and [[Central Florida]].<ref name="Shaffland1996">{{cite journal |last=Shafland |first=Paul L. |date=23 December 2008 |orig-date=1996 |title=Exotic fishes of Florida β 1994 |url=https://files.catbox.moe/7mtmdp.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture |publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=101β122 |doi=10.1080/10641269609388581 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424220601/https://files.catbox.moe/7mtmdp.pdf |archive-date=24 April 2024 |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref> In September 2010, [[Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife]] officials used rotenone to kill an established population of [[invasive species|invasive]] [[goldfish]] present in eastern Oregon's [[Mann Lake]], with the intention of not disrupting the lake's native [[Lahontan cutthroat trout]] population. Rotenone successfully achieved these aims, killing between 179,000β197,000 goldfish and [[fathead minnow]]s, and only three trout.<ref>{{cite news |last=Monroe |first=Bill |date=December 3, 2010 |title=Mann Lake Gets a Second Round of Rotenone for Cutthroat Restoration |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/sports/oregonian/bill_monroe/index.ssf/2010/12/mann_lake_gets_a_second_round.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424075200/http://www.oregonlive.com/sports/oregonian/bill_monroe/index.ssf/2010/12/mann_lake_gets_a_second_round.html |archive-date=April 24, 2011 |access-date=2012-12-20 |work=The Oregonian |publisher=Oregon Live LLC}}</ref> Beginning May 1, 2006, [[Panguitch Lake]], a reservoir in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Utah, was treated with rotenone, to potentially eradicate and control the invasive population of [[Utah chub]], which were probably introduced accidentally by [[Fisherman|anglers]] who used them as [[bait (luring substance)|live bait]]. The lake was restocked with 20,000 [[rainbow trout]] in 2006; as of 2016, the lake's fish population has recovered. In 2012, rotenone was used to kill all remaining fish in [[Stormy Lake (Alaska)]] due to invasive pike destroying native species, which were reintroduced once the treatment was concluded.<ref>Earl, Elizabeth, [http://peninsulaclarion.com/news/2015-10-07/fish-population-booms-in-stormy-lake Fish population booms in Stormy Lake] [[Peninsula Clarion]], 10/7/2015</ref> In 2014, rotenone was used to kill all remaining fish in San Francisco's Mountain Lake, which is located in [[Mountain Lake Park]], in order to rid it of invasive species introduced since the migration of European settlers to the region.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fimrite |first=Peter |date=12 November 2014 |title=Alien fish poisoned by the thousands to save S.F.'s Mountain Lake |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Workers-pour-poison-into-Mountain-Lake-begin-5888355.php |access-date=24 September 2015 |publisher=SFGate / Hearst}}</ref>
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