Editing Royal Scots (section)

===19th century===
[[File:Colours of the 1st Royal Regiment.jpg|thumb|Regimental colours, 1847]]
The 1st battalion was sent to Ireland after the end of the Napoleonic wars, and stationed there from 1816 until 1825, when it was moved to the West Indies, where it remained until 1835. The 2nd battalion, however, had a more active time; based in India, it was involved in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], where it fought at the Battle of Nagpore (1817) and [[Battle of Mahidpur]] (1818), and in the [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] of 1824–26. It moved to Scotland in 1830, and to Canada in 1836, where it was involved in the [[Rebellions of 1837]].<ref name="Paterson, vol I. Chronology"/> The regiment fought at the [[Battle of Saint-Denis (1837)]], but was running low on ammunition as the British officers had underestimated the amount of insurgents, and with the enemy beginning to flank, Colonel Charles Gore gave the order to withdraw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1794053/|title=Canada: A People's History Rebellion and Reform|website=IMDb|access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> A move to the West Indies in 1843 was complicated by half the regiment being shipwrecked and delayed several months, but was successful, and the regiment finally returned to Scotland in 1846.<ref name="Regiments.org, 2nd Battalion page"/>

Both battalions saw active service in the [[Crimean War]], with the 1st fighting at the battles of [[Battle of Alma|Alma]] and [[Battle of Inkerman|Inkerman]] (1854), and both fighting in the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Siege of Sevastopol]] (1854–55),<ref name="Paterson, vol I. Chronology"/> where the regiment's first [[Victoria Cross|VC]] was won.<ref>History of the Regiment. It was awarded to Private [[Joseph Prosser]].</ref> After the war, the 1st battalion moved to Ceylon in 1857<ref name="Regiments.org, 1st Battalion page"/> and thence to India, returning home in 1870, whilst the 2nd battalion moved to Hong Kong, and saw action in the [[Second Opium War]], fighting at the capture of the [[Taku Forts]] (1858) and [[Beijing|Pekin]] (1860), and returning home in 1861.<ref name="Paterson, vol I. Chronology"/>

In 1881, following comprehensive reforms following the Crimean war ([[Cardwell Reforms|Cardwell Reforms of 1870]]), the ambitious [[Childers Reforms]] were passed by the War Office.  Among many changes was the merger of the many numbered regiments of foot into un-numbered 'county regiments'.  Because the regiment already had two battalions, it fared much better than the many other regiments which lost their identities and merged into new two-battalion regiments.  Under the February 1881 proposals, the regiment was due to be redesignated as '''The Lothian Regiment (Royal Scots)''', however under the final July reform, the regiment became '''The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment)'''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-12-18 |title=Proposals for Regimental Mergers, 1881 [UK] |url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/ba1881pr.htm |access-date=2022-01-10 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218044944/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/lists/ba1881pr.htm |archive-date=18 December 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>  Under the previously mentioned reforms, the regiment became a county regiment, encompassing the following: [[Edinburgh|City of Edinburgh]] ([[Midlothian]]), [[Haddingtonshire]] (East Lothian), [[Linlithgowshire]] (West Lothian), and [[Berwickshire]] (later transferred to the [[King's Own Scottish Borderers]] on 1 May 1887).  In addition to the two regular battalions and depot, the regiment now took control of the various militia and infantry (rifle) volunteers based in the above counties.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mills|first=T. F.|title=The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment)|url=http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/001RScot.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224055056/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/001RScot.htm|archive-date=24 December 2007|access-date=10 January 2022|website=Land Forces of Britain, The Empire, and Commonwealth}}</ref>  This left the regiment with the following structure:<ref name = Frederick>Frederick, pp. 298–301</ref>

* Regimental Headquarters, at [[Edinburgh Castle]], [[Edinburgh]]
* Regimental Depot (part of the 1st Regimental District), at [[Glencorse Barracks]], [[Glencorse]]
* 1st Battalion – ''regular, previously 1st Battalion, 1st (Royal Scots) Regiment of Foot''
* 2nd Battalion – ''regular, previously 2nd Battalion, 1st (Royal Scots) Regiment of Foot''
* [[Queen's Edinburgh Light Infantry Militia|3rd Battalion (The Queen's Edinburgh Regiment of Light Infantry)]] – ''Militia''
* [[Queen's Edinburgh Rifles#Localisation|1st Edinburgh (City) Rifle Volunteers (The Queen's City of Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Brigade)]] – ''three battalions forming the main Rifle Volunteers element – forming the 1st volunteer battalion of the regiment''
* [[6th Battalion, Royal Scots#Localisation|2nd Edinburgh (City) Rifle Volunteer Corps]] – ''2nd volunteer battalion of the regiment''
* [[5th Battalion, Royal Scots|1st Midlothian (Leith) Rifle Volunteer Corps]] – ''3rd volunteer battalion of the regiment''
* 2md Midlothian (Midlothian & Peebles-shire) Rifle Volunteer Corps – ''4th volunteer battalion of the regiment''
* [[1st Linlithgowshire Rifle Volunteers#Localisation|1st Linlithgowshire Rifle Volunteer Corps]] – ''5th volunteer battalion of the regiment''
* [[7th Battalion, Royal Scots|1st Haddington Rifle Volunteer Corps]] – ''6th volunteer battalion of the regiment''

In 1881, the 1st was in the West Indies; it moved to South Africa in 1884, when it saw action in the [[Bechuanaland]] campaign, and remained there until 1891, when it moved back to the UK to serve as the depot battalion and the 2nd moved out to India. With the outbreak of the [[Second Anglo-Boer War]], the 1st was quickly earmarked for service in South Africa, and sailed in late 1899. It remained there until 1903, being joined by the 3rd from 1900 to 1902<ref name="Paterson, vol I. Chronology"/> – the first time a non-regular unit of the regiment had been activated. The bulk of the time in South Africa was spent patrolling and in mobile columns, with neither battalion engaged in any major battles.<ref name="History of the Regiment"/> The 2nd battalion was posted in India in 1891, and stayed there until 1909. The battalion had various postings around the sub-continent, including [[Poona]] until late 1902 when it moved to [[Kamptee]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence - The Army in India|date=11 October 1902 |page=12 |issue=36896}}</ref>

In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the [[Territorial Force]] and the latter the [[Special Reserve (militia)|Special Reserve]];<ref>{{cite web|url= https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1908/mar/31/territorial-and-reserve-forces-act-1907|title=Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=31 March 1908|access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref> the regiment now had one Reserve and seven Territorial battalions.<ref>These were the 3rd Battalion (Special Reserve), with the 4th and 5th ([[Queen's Edinburgh Rifles]]) Battalions at [[Forrest Hill drill hall|Forrest Hill]] in Edinburgh, the [[6th Battalion, Royal Scots|6th Battalion]] at [[Gilmore Place drill hall|Gilmore Place]] in Edinburgh, the 7th Battalion at [[Dalmeny Street drill hall|Dalmeny Street]] in Leith, the 8th Battalion at Nungate in Haddington (since demolished), the 9th (Highlanders) Battalion at [[Hepburn House|East Claremont Street]] in Edinburgh and the [[1st Linlithgowshire Rifle Volunteers|10th (Cyclist) Battalion]] at the High Street in Linlithgow (since demolished) (all Territorial Force). See Scottish Military History Society lineage pages</ref> The 1st moved back to India in 1909, relieving the 2nd, which moved back to the UK; they remained stationed there until 1914.<ref name="Paterson, vol I. Chronology"/>