Editing Samogitian language (section)

== Differences from Standard Lithuanian ==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2024}}
Samogitian differs from Standard Lithuanian in [[phonetics]], [[lexicon]], [[syntax]] and [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]].

Phonetic differences from standard Lithuanian are varied, each Samogitian subdialect (West, North and South) has different reflections.

Standard Lithuanian → Samogitian

*i → short ė, sometimes e;
*u → short o (in some cases u);
*ė → {{lang|mis|ie}};
*o → uo;
*{{lang|mis|ie}} → long ė, ėi, ī (y) (West, North and South);
*uo → ō, ou, ū (West, North and South);
*ai → ā ;
*ei, iai → ē;
*ui → oi;
*oi (oj) → uo;
*an → on (an in south-east);
*un → on (un in south-east);
*ą → an in south-eastern, on in the central region and ō or ou in the north;
*ę → en in south-eastern, ėn in the central region and õ, ō or ėi in the north;
*ū → ū (in some cases un, um);
*ų in stressed endings → un and um;
*unstressed ų → o;
*y → ī (y), sometimes in;
*i from ancient ī → ī;
*u from ancient ō (Lithuanian uo) → ō, ou, ū (West, North and South)
*i from ancient ei (Lithuanian {{lang|mis|ie}}) → long ė, ėi, ī (West, North and South)
*č → t (also č under Lithuanian influence);
*dž → d (also dž under Lithuanian influence);
*ia → ė (somewhere between i and e);
*io → ė (somewhere between i and e);
*unstressed ią → ė (somewhere between i and e);

The main difference between Samogitian and standard Lithuanian is verb [[Grammatical conjugation|conjugation]].
The [[past iterative tense]] is formed differently from Lithuanian (e.g., in Lithuanian the [[past iterative tense]], meaning that action which was done in the past repeatedly, is made by removing the ending ''-ti'' and adding ''-davo'' (''mirti'' – ''mirdavo'', ''pūti'' – ''pūdavo''), while in Samogitian, the word ''liuob'' is added instead before the word). The second verb conjugation merged with the first in Samogitian. The plural reflexive ending is ''-muos'' instead of expected ''-mies'' which is in standard Lithuanian (''-mės'') and other dialects. Samogitian preserved a lot of relics of athematic conjugation which did not survive in standard Lithuanian. The intonation in the future tense third person is the same as in the infinitive, in standard Lithuanian it shifts. The subjunctive conjugation is different from standard Lithuanian. Dual is preserved perfectly while in standard Lithuanian it has been completely lost.

The differences between [[Nominal (linguistics)|nominals]] are considerable too.
The fifth noun declension has almost completely merged with the third declension. The plural and some singular cases of the fourth declension have endings of the first declension (e.g.: singular nominative ''{{lang|sgs|sūnos}}'', plural nom. ''{{lang|sgs|sūnā}}'', in standard Lithuanian: sg. nom. ''{{lang|lt|sūnus}}'', pl. nom. ''{{lang|lt|sūnūs}}''). The neuter of adjectives has been pushed out by adverbs (except for ''{{lang|sgs|šėlt}}'' 'warm', ''{{lang|sgs|šalt}}'' 'cold', ''{{lang|sgs|karšt}}'' 'hot') in Samogitian. Neuter pronouns were replaced by masculine. The second declension of adjectives has almost merged with the first declension, with only singular nominative case endings staying separate. The formation of pronominals is also different from standard Lithuanian.