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Sator Square
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===Sentence construction=== [[File:Grenoble - Sator 01.jpg|thumb|right|Sator form of the square on a door in [[Grenoble]], France]] The most direct sentence translation is: "The sower (or, farmer) Arepo holds the wheels with care (or, with care the wheels)".<ref name=MRS/><ref name=":0"/><ref name=Hemer/><ref name=RB/><ref>{{cite book | title=The New Testament and Rabbinic Judaism | author-link=David Daube | first=David | last=Daube | page=403 | date=2011 | isbn=978-1610975100 | publisher=[[Wipf and Stock]]}}</ref> Similar translations include: "The farmer Arepo works his wheels",<ref name=M1>{{cite web|website=[[Pepys Library|Magdalene College Libraries]]|url=https://magdlibs.com/2019/11/19/sator-squares/|title=Sator Squares|first=Ellie|last=Swire|date=19 November 2019|access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> or "Arepo the sower (sator) guides (tenet) the wheel (rotas) with skill (opera)".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://coriniummuseum.org/2021/07/the-sator-square-by-isobel-wilkes/ | website=[[Corinium Museum]] | first=Isobel | last=Wilkes | date=19 July 2021 | access-date=13 September 2022 | title=The SATOR Square}}</ref> Some academics, such as French historian [[Jules Quicherat]],<ref name=":0"/> believe the square should be read in a [[boustrophedon]] style (i.e. in alternating directions).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceram |first=C. W. |year=1958 |title=The March of Archaeology |url=https://archive.org/details/marchofarchaeolo00cera |url-access=registration |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=0-3944-3528-1 |lccn=58-10977 | page=30}}</ref> The boustrophedon style, which in Greek means "as the ox plows", emphasizes the agricultural aspect of the text of the square.<ref name=MRS/> Such a reading when applied to the SATOR-form square, and repeating the central word TENET, gives SATOR OPERA TENET β TENET OPERA SATOR, which has been very loosely interpreted as: "as ye sow, so shall ye reap",<ref name=":0"/> while some believe the square should be read as just three words β SATOR OPERA TENET, which they loosely translate as: "The Creator (the author of all things) maintains his works"; both of which could imply Graeco-Roman [[Stoicism|Stoic]] and/or [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagorean]] origins.<ref name=MRS/><ref name=ENC/> British academic Duncan Fishwick observes that the translation from the boustrophedon approach fails when applied to a ROTAS-form square;<ref name=":0"/> however, Belgian scholar [[Paul Grosjean]] reversed the boustrophedon rule on the ROTAS-form (i.e. starting on the right-hand side instead of the left) to get SAT ORARE POTEN, which loosely translates into the Jewish call to prayer, "are you able to pray enough?".<ref name=MRS/><ref name=":0"/>
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