Editing Shining Path (section)

==== Political wing ====
The '''United Front''' ({{lang|es|Frente Unido}}) serves as the political and bureaucratic arm of the Shining Path that uses ''generated organisms'' ({{langx|es|organismo generado}}), or civil organisations that support the group.<ref name=":7" /> It has two main branches, [[#MOVADEF|MOVADEF]] (2009–2024) and [[#FUDEPP|FUDEPP]],<ref name=":7" /> as well as a number of multiple smaller organisations, usually specified to a particular purpose or issue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Los actores armados |url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Peru01-Report/Peru01-Report_Vol2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125223257/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Peru01-Report/Peru01-Report_Vol2.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2017}}</ref> Examples of these include:
{| class="wikitable" 
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!Group
!Description
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| Frente para la Unidad y Defensa del Pueblo Peruano
| The '''Front for Unity and Defense of the Peruvian People''' ('''FUDEPP''') was created in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fudepp: la nueva fachada del Movadef en cuatro claves|url=http://elcomercio.pe/politica/actualidad/fudepp-conoce-nueva-fachada-movadef-cuatro-claves-noticia-1934801|date=28 September 2016|access-date=10 June 2018|work=El Comercio|language=es-PE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928155328/https://elcomercio.pe/politica/actualidad/fudepp-conoce-nueva-fachada-movadef-cuatro-claves-noticia-1934801/ |archive-date=2016-09-28}}</ref> In association with MOVADEF, the group announced that it had 73 provincial committees and allegedly received 400,000 to 500,000 signatures for the JNE to participate in the [[2016 Peruvian general election]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Frente asociado al Movadef dice tener 500 mil firmas para ir a elecciones|url=http://rpp.pe/politica/elecciones/frente-asociado-al-movadef-dice-tener-500-mil-firmas-para-ir-a-elecciones-noticia-926821|access-date=27 June 2017|work=RPP Noticias}}</ref> They were ultimately prevented from participating in the elections.
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| [[Peru People's Movement|Movimiento Popular Perú]]
| The Peru People's Movement (MPP) serves as the group's international relations front.
|-
|colspan=2|<div style="text-align: center;">'''Defunct organisations'''</div>
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| Asociación de Abogados Democráticos
| The Democratic Lawyer's Association (AAD) was in charge of the legal defence of captured militants.
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| [[Support Committees for the Peruvian Revolution|Comités de Apoyo a la Revolución Peruana]] 
| The Support Committees for the Peruvian Revolution (CARP) were a series of overseas associations that formed part of the group's international support branch.
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| Coordinadora Clasista Magisterial
| The Classist Teachers Coordination (CCM) was a teacher union front whose goal was to usurp the influence of the Single Union of Education Workers of Peru (SUTEP), which held ties to one of the Shining Path's political rivals, [[Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland|Red Fatherland]] (PCP-PR). The CCM was to be purposed as a unification of Peru's teachers to serve as both dissemination and recruitment for the Shining Path's [[Internal conflict in Peru|violent takeover of the country]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-30 |title=MAGISTERIO DEL PERÚ: A propósito de una huelga del CONARE |url=https://magisterioperu1.blogspot.com/2012/07/a-proposito-de-una-huelga-del-conare.html |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=MAGISTERIO DEL PERÚ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Quechua |first=Víctor Manuel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97wTAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Coordinadora+Clasista+Magisterial%22 |title=Perú-- 13 años de oprobio: terrorismo internacional |date=1995 |publisher=V.M. Quechua |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INFILTRACIÓN DEL MOVADEFEN ALGUNAS DIRIGENCIAS DEL MAGISTERIO |url=https://www.congreso.gob.pe/Docs/comisiones2017/Comision_de_Educacion__Juventud/files/exposici%C3%B3n_carlos_basombrio_21.08.2017.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MAGISTERIO Y VIOLENCIA POLÍTICA 1978-2000 |url=https://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/pdf/TOMO%20III/CAPITULO%203%20-%20Org%20Sociales%20frente%20al%20conflicto/3.5.%20ELSISTEMA%20EDUCATIVO%20Y%20MAGISTERIO.pdf }}</ref>
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| [[Shining Trenches of Combat|Luminosas Trincheras de Combate]]
| The Shining Trenches of Combat (LTC) served as support bases for Shining Path prisoners until their dissolution in 1992.
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| Musical Guerrilla Army
| Also known in Spanish as the ''Ejército Musical Guerrillero'' (EMG), it was a British musical group founded by Adolfo Olaechea in 1991 as part of the group's international propaganda arm.<ref>{{Cite web |last=lahaine.org |title=Perú: Adolfo Olaechea, viejo hidalgo que murió soñando con la revolución |url=https://www.lahaine.org/mundo.php/peru-adolfo-olaechea-viejo-hidalgo-que-m |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=La Haine Mundo |language=es-ES}}</ref> It was made up of various Latin American musicians (especially Peruvian) residing in the [[United Kingdom]] and would typically play both folk and revolutionary songs at yearly [[May Day]] events in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brooke |first=James |date=1991-12-18 |title=Shining Path Supporters Abroad Anger Peru |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/world/shining-path-supporters-abroad-anger-peru.html |access-date=2023-09-23 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Such music included ''Flor de Retama'', ''El Hombre'', and ''Jovaldo''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIMERO DE MAYO: ORGANICÉMOS LA REVOLUCIÓN - El Diario Internacional |url=http://www.eldiariointernacional.com/spip.php?article3685 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=www.eldiariointernacional.com}}</ref>
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| "[[Young Pioneers (Peru)|Pioneritos]]"
| Youth organisations based on the [[Pioneer movement]].
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| Socorro Popular
| People's Aid (SOPO) was created in 1979 under the leadership of Yovanka Pardavé Trujillo<ref name=UcedaR>{{Cite book |last=Uceda |first=R. |title=Muerte en el Pentegonito |pages=11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nash |first=Nathaniel C. |date=1992-09-15 |title=PERU REBELS SAID TO REMAIN POTENT |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/15/world/peru-rebels-said-to-remain-potent.html |access-date=2023-09-25 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> after the party's Tenth Expanded Plenary Session session established civil organizations to recruit the civilian population into a United Front for subversion. It was purposed to provide legal defence to members and associates accused by the state for crimes such as [[terrorism]]. It also provided logistical and medical support.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-17 |title=Abogada de Sendero Luminoso liberada tras cumplir condena en Perú |url=https://www.france24.com/es/20171017-abogada-de-sendero-luminoso-liberada-tras-cumplir-condena-en-peru |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1.1.4. La expansión del conflicto armado |url=https://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/pdf/TOMO%20II/CAPITULO%201%20-%20Los%20actores%20armados%20del%20conflicto/1.1.%20PCP-SL/Cap%20IV%20SL%2086-92.pdf}}</ref> In 1985, SOPO suffered an internal line struggle over the issue of the militarization of mass organizations.  By the end of 1986, SOPO became integral to the Shining Path's armed "[[Internal conflict in Peru|people's war]]," with militant detachments carved out of the group for conducting various terrorist attacks. Directed by the Pilot Plan of the Revolutionary Movement for the Defense of the People (MRDP), SOPO would displace the Metropolitan Committee (METRO) as an important central apparatus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-08 |title=LAS OPERACIONES DE INTELIGENCIA DEL GEIN QUE CONDUJERON A LA CAPTURA DEL LÍDER DE SL ABIMAEL GUZMAN by Benedicto Jiménez 1509 - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/abogadolitigante912/docs/operaciones_gein |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> Pardavé was replaced by [[Martha Huatay]] in 1991, who led the group until it was dismantled in 1992 after both Trujillo and Huatay were captured by [[DIRCOTE]] agents.<ref name=UcedaR/><ref>{{Cite web |last=PERÚ |first=Empresa Peruana de Servicios Editoriales S. A. EDITORA |title=Peru: Judiciary orders 9-month pre-trial detention for Martha Huatay |url=https://andina.pe/ingles/noticia-peru-judiciary-orders-9month-pretrial-detention-for-martha-huatay-935379.aspx |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=andina.pe |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| Movimiento Clasista Barrial
| The Neighbourhood Class Movement (MCB) tended to invade and occupy private property until their disestablishment.
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| Movimiento de Artistas Populares
| The Popular Artist Movement (MAP) was formed in 1988.<ref name=Pacarina>{{Cite web |title=Violencia política y teatro en el Perú de los 80. El teatro producido por Sendero Luminoso y el Movimiento de Artistas Populares |url=https://pacarinadelsur.com/home/pielago-de-imagenes/625-violencia-politica-y-teatro-en-el-peru-de-los-80-el-teatro-producido-por-sendero-luminoso-y-el-movimiento-de-artistas-populares |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Pacarina del Sur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209173300/https://pacarinadelsur.com/home/pielago-de-imagenes/625-violencia-politica-y-teatro-en-el-peru-de-los-80-el-teatro-producido-por-sendero-luminoso-y-el-movimiento-de-artistas-populares |archive-date=2013-02-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Its purpose was to utilize artists to disseminate political propaganda to the population through the art of [[slogan]]eering, with particular attention to the universities. It regularly incorporated folklore in its work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.verdadyreconciliacionperu.com/admin/files/articulos/2070_digitalizacion.pdf|title=EL PCP-SENDERO LUMINOSO EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES, CONCEPTO Y PRÁCTICA DEL FOLKLORE: El "Arte de nuevo tipo" en los sikuris}}</ref> Although the exact connection between Shining Path's central apparatus and MAP is disputed, with some considering it as an independent development from the party, the MAP was a contributing effort to the communists' protracted "people's war."<ref name=Valenzuela>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0188-70172011000100015&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es|title=Subalternidad y violencia política en el teatro peruano: El ingreso del campesino como referente de cambio en los discursos teatrales|first=Manuel Luis|last=Valenzuela Marroquín|date=June 30, 2011|journal=Alteridades|volume=21|issue=41|pages=161–174|via=SciELO}}</ref> MAP actions were carried out in universities, union halls, neighbourhoods, cultural institutions and young towns.<ref name=":0" /> Performances included theatrical performances, dance and music through [[sikuri]] groups.<ref name=Valenzuela/>
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| Movimiento de Obreros y Trabajadores Clasistas
| The Movement of Classist Workers and Laborers (MOTC) was formed in 1976, and formalised into the Shining Path's united front in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LA REGIÓN LIMA METROPOLITANA |url=https://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/pdf/TOMO%20IV/SECCION%20TERCERA-Los%20Escenarios%20de%20la%20Violencia/Historias%20Regionales/1.5%20REGION%20LIMA%20METROPOLITANA.pdf}}</ref> It had the objective of recruiting urban [[Trade union|union workers]] for the party, however it mainly had a presence with [[Informal economy|informal]] and [[Migrant worker|itinerant workers]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La violencia política en el mundo laboral peruano |url=https://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/debatesensociologia/article/download/2167/2098/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-23 |title=Memorias desde Némesis by P.C.P. - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/pcp_/docs/memoriasdesdenemesis |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> After the Chuschi attack, the MOTC initiated the first Shining Path attack in [[Lima]] with [[molotov cocktail]]s at [[San Martín de Porres District]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Informe Final Tomo III - CVR |url=https://idehpucp.pucp.edu.pe/images/docs/tomo_iii.pdf}}</ref>
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| Movimiento de Trabajadores Ambulantes
| The Street Vendors' Movement (MTA) was created to target [[Hawker (trade)|street vendors]].
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| Movimiento Femenino Popular
| The Popular Woman's Movement (MFP) was created by [[Augusta La Torre]] as the main feminist branch of the group.
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| Movimiento Intelectual Popular
| The Popular Intellectual Movement (MIP) was an academic-based mass organization created in 1979 as part of the party's Fourth Expanded Plenary Session, which defined the structure and duties of various legal fronts to serve recruitment of the united front.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Los actores armados |url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Peru01-Report/Peru01-Report_Vol2.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125223257/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Peru01-Report/Peru01-Report_Vol2.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2017}}</ref> It was directed by Hugo Muñoz Sánchez and targeted students, professors, writers, artists, and journalists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle "La Cantuta" |url=https://www.cverdad.org.pe/ifinal/pdf/TOMO%20V/SECCION%20TERCERA-Los%20Escenarios%20de%20la%20violencia%20(continuacion)/2.%20HISTORIAS%20REPRESENTATIVAS%20DE%20LA%20VIOLENCIA/2.19%20LA%20CANTUTA.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-30 |title=El ABC de Sendero Luminoso Tomo i Edición 2000 Autor Benedicto Jiménez by Benedicto Jiménez 1509 - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/abogadolitigante912/docs/sendero_luminoso_parte_uno_5600edf3e54f00 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> The organization had influence in both universities and pro-Sendero neighbourhoods, which would be used to form an ideological justification for the party's subversive actions, including its terrorist attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El olvido está lleno de memoria. Juventud, universitaria y violencia política en el Perú: la matanza de estudiantes de La Cantuta _ Cap3 |url=https://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtual/tesis/human/sandoval_l_p/cap3.htm |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Interrogatorio realizado a Manuel Juan Angulo Andia (a) Camarada "Javier" o "Ivan" |url=https://cedoc.sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/public/pdf/gorriti/Subfondo_%20INFORMES%20Y%20OFICIOS/Serie_%20MINISTERIO%20DEL%20INTERIOR/Subserie_%20PIP/4.2.3.15.pdf}}</ref> MIP was involved with the propaganda of other mass organizations, such as the Popular Women's Movement, The Front of Mariateguist Artists and Intellectuals (FAIM), The Pink School (in [[France]]), and The Ayacucho Study Circle (in [[Sweden]]).<ref>{{Cite web |last=República |first=La |date=2003-07-12 |title=Mientras SL se fracciona, sus líderes se pierden en pleitos de callejón Por el Sendero de la div |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/344727-mientras-sl-se-fracciona-sus-lideres-se-pierden-en-pleitos-de-callejon-por-el-sendero-de-la-div |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=larepublica.pe |language=es}}</ref> Like many public fronts associated with the Shining Path, the MIP fell in significance with the relative decline and collapse of the central party body.
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| Movimiento Juvenil Popular
| The Popular Youth Movement (MJP) was one of the first organisms established by the group.
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| Movimiento por la Amnistía y Derechos Fundamentales
| The '''Movement for Amnesty and Fundamental Rights''' ('''MOVADEF''') was created on 20 November 2009 when Alfredo Crespo, the defense lawyer of Abimael Guzmán, and fifteen others gathered.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Vásquez|first=Rocío La Rosa|title=Apología sin castigo: casos relacionados a terrorismo que fueron archivados|url=http://elcomercio.pe/politica/apologia-castigo-casos-relacionados-terrorismo-archivados-427097|date=30 May 2017|access-date=23 June 2017|work=El Comercio|language=es}}</ref> MOVADEF has three sub-branches; the Central Historical Committee, the Provisional Central Committee and the National Executive Committee (CEN).<ref name=":7" /> The branch filed to become a political party in Peru with the [[National Jury of Elections]] (JNE) in 2011, though the application was denied.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|title=A propósito de capturas, qué es el Movadef y qué pretende|url=http://elcomercio.pe/politica/justicia/proposito-capturas-movadef-pretende-377452|date=10 April 2014|access-date=27 June 2017|work=El Comercio|language=es}}</ref> The Peruvian government had accused MOVADEF of advocating terrorism,<ref>{{cite news|title=Estado peruano se defenderá con firmeza frente a denuncia del Movadef ante la CIDH|url=http://rpp.pe/politica/judiciales/estado-peruano-se-defendera-con-firmeza-frente-a-denuncia-del-movadef-ante-la-cidh-noticia-1055706|access-date=23 June 2017|work=rpp.pe}}</ref> eventually ordering the dissolution of the group in 2024.<ref name=MOVADEF2024/>
|}