Editing Shipping (fandom) (section)

===Same-sex===
{{Main article|Slash fiction}}

Within shipping, [[homosexual|same-sex]] pairings are popular; they are sometimes known as "[[Slash fiction|slash]] and [[femslash]]".<ref name="callis2016" /><ref>{{cite journal|last=Russo|first=Julie Levin|year=2017|title=Femslash goggles: Fan vids with commentary by creators|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]|volume=24|issue=|doi=10.3983/twc.2017.01026|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pande|first1=Rukmini|last2=Moitra|first2=Swati|year=2017|title="Yes, the Evil Queen is Latina!": Racial dynamics of online femslash fandoms|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]|volume=24|issue=|doi=10.3983/twc.2017.01026|doi-access=free}}</ref> Within the anime/manga fandom, borrowed Japanese terms such as [[yaoi]] and [[yuri (genre)|yuri]] may be used.<ref>[https://theculturetrip.com/asia/japan/articles/the-daring-appeal-of-yaoi-and-yuri-manga The Daring Appeal Of Yaoi And Yuri Manga The Culture Trip. Retrieved 30 December 2016.</ref><ref name="ngrusso2017">{{cite journal|last1=Ng|first1=Eve|last2=Russo|first2=Julie Levin|year=2017|title=Envisioning queer female fandom|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]|volume=24|issue=|doi=10.3983/twc.2017.01168|doi-access=free}}</ref> In the context of Chinese TV series, related same-sex pairings are also referred to as "[[Tanbi]] CP".<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=Guang-Quan |last2=Lee |first2=Ya-Ching |date=2022 |title=Do Only Fujoshi Enjoy Tanbi? A Study of Chinese Fudanshi's Motivations for Liking Tanbi CP in Domestic TV Series |url= |journal=Mass Communication Research |volume=153 |issue= 153|pages=141–194 |doi=10.30386/MCR.202210.0019}}</ref> A person who supports same-sex pairings and reads or writes [[slash fiction]] may be referred to as a "slasher",<ref name="Allington">{{cite journal | last = Allington | first = Daniel |date= March 2007 | title = "How Come Most People Don't See It?": Slashing the Lord of the Rings | journal= Social Semiotics | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages= 43–62 | doi = 10.1080/10350330601124650 | s2cid = 143324395}}</ref> although the Japanese term "[[Yaoi fandom|fujoshi]]" for women who like same-sex stories,<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Wang |first=Yiran |date=2017 |title=Resistance and Compromise under Power Structures of Sexuality: A Case Study on Real Person Slash Fans in China |type=Masters |publisher=[[Lund University]] |docket= |oclc= |url=http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=8911918&fileOId=8911922 |access-date=May 31, 2021 |pages=1–3, 8–10}}</ref> and "fudanshi" as the male equivalent of that,<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Ingulsrud | first1 = John E. | last2 = Allen | first2 = Kate | title = Reading Japan Cool: Patterns of Manga Literacy and Discourse | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-7391-2753-7 | page = 57 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Kazumi Nagaike|title=Boys' Love Manga and Beyond : History, Culture, and Community in Japan|date=2015|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|location=Jackson|isbn=9781626740662|chapter=Do Heterosexual Men Dream of Homosexual Men?: BL Fudanshi and Discourse on Male Feminization|page=192}}</ref> are also commonly used within the community, especially by fans of yaoi (boy on boy) and fans of yuri (girl on girl).{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

The term "slash" predates the use of "shipping" by at least some 20 years. It was originally coined as a term to describe a pairing of [[James T. Kirk|Kirk]] and [[Spock]] of ''[[Star Trek]]'', [[Kirk/Spock]] (or "K/S"; sometimes spoken "Kirk-slash-Spock", whence "slash") homosexual [[fan fiction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/01/02/1072908900255.html|title=Fanfic: is it right to write?|website=[[The Age]]|date=January 2, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120011048/http://www.theage.com.au/index.html|archive-date=November 20, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=Woledge>Woledge, Elizabeth (August 2005) "Decoding Desire: From Kirk and Spock to K/S<sup>1</sup>" ''Social Semiotics'', Volume 15, Issue 2 August 2005, pages 235–250 {{doi|10.1080/10350330500154857}}</ref> Other early slash pairings came from characters in ''[[Starsky & Hutch]]'' and ''[[Dirty Harry (film series)|Dirty Harry]]''."<ref name="watzeb2016">{{cite web|last=Watson|first=Zebbie|url=https://www.inverse.com/article/16203-on-star-trek-sherlock-holmes-and-the-origins-of-slash-fiction|title=Exploring the First Frontier Of Slash Fiction|date=May 27, 2016|website=[[Inverse (website)|Inverse]]|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115182646/https://www.inverse.com/article/16203-on-star-trek-sherlock-holmes-and-the-origins-of-slash-fiction|archive-date=January 15, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> For a time in the late 1970s and early 1980s, "K/S" was used to describe such fan fiction,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/star-trek-spock-kirk-and-slash-fiction-79807|title=Star Trek: Spock, Kirk and Slash Fiction|website=[[Newsweek]]|date=May 4, 2009|access-date=May 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126112805/https://www.newsweek.com/star-trek-spock-kirk-and-slash-fiction-79807|archive-date=January 26, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> regardless of whether or not they were related to ''Star Trek'', and eventually "slash" became a universal term to describe all homosexual-themed fan works.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morrison|first=Evan|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/aug/13/fan-fiction-fifty-shades-grey|title=In the beginning, there was fan fiction: from the four gospels to Fifty Shades|website=[[The Guardian]]|date=August 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209041853/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/aug/13/fan-fiction-fifty-shades-grey|archive-date=February 9, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Davies|first=Morgan Leigh|url=https://the-toast.net/2013/09/19/brief-history-slash/|title=A Brief History of Slash|website=The Toast|date=September 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126181857/https://the-toast.net/2013/09/19/brief-history-slash/|archive-date=January 26, 2021|access-date=May 31, 2021}}</ref> It now refers to a genre of [[fan fiction]] that focuses on [[Romance (love)|romantic]] or [[sexual attraction|sexual relationships]] between fictional characters of the same sex,<ref name="SATW">Bacon-Smith, Camille. "Spock Among the Women." New York Times Sunday Book Review, November 16, 1986.</ref><ref name=VisCult>{{cite book|title=Visual Culture: Images and Interpretations|author1=Norman Bryson |author2=Michael Ann Holly |author3=Keith P. F. Moxey  |name-list-style=amp |pages=304–305|chapter=Feminism, Psychoanalysis, and Popular Culture|year=1994|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|isbn=978-0-8195-6267-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Döring|first=Nicola|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1109843175|title=Encyclopedia of Sexuality and Gender|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]]|year=2021|isbn=978-3-319-59531-3|editor-last=Lykins|editor-first=Amy|edition=Living|location=Cham|pages=1–8|chapter=Erotic Fan Fiction|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-59531-3_65-1|s2cid=229183598|oclc=1109843175}}</ref> Even so, the slash mark itself is a shorthand label for a romantic relationship, regardless of whether the pairing is heterosexual or homosexual, romantic, or erotic.<ref name=Tosenberger/>

The first K/S stories were not immediately accepted by all ''Star Trek'' fans.<ref name="sinclair-01">{{cite web|last=Sinclair|first=Jenna|title=Short History of Kirk/Spock Slash|url=http://www.beyonddreamspress.com/history.htm|date=October 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128160929/http://www.beyonddreamspress.com/history.htm|archive-date=January 28, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=May 31, 2021}}</ref> Early slash fans in England feared that they would be arrested, because slash violated the obscenity laws there at the time.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Falzone|first1=P.J.|title=The Final Frontier Is Queer: Aberrancy, Archetype and Audience Generated Folklore in K/S Slashfiction|journal=[[Western Folklore]]|date=2005|volume=64|issue=3/4|pages=243–261|jstor=25474751}}</ref> Many early slash stories were based on a pairing of two close friends, a "hero dyad", or "One True Pairing", such as Kirk/Spock or Starsky/Hutch; conversely, a classic pairing between [[Foil (literature)|foils]] was that of [[Roj Blake|Blake]]/[[Kerr Avon|Avon]] from ''[[Blake's 7]]''.<ref name="Tosenberger">{{cite journal | last1 = Tosenberger | first1 = Catherine | year = 2008 | title = Homosexuality at the Online Hogwarts: Harry Potter Slash Fanfiction | journal = Children's Literature | volume = 36 | pages = 185–207 | doi = 10.1353/chl.0.0017 | s2cid = 143937185 }}</ref> With the advent of the Internet, slash fiction writers created mailing lists (which gradually took the place of [[amateur press association]]s), and websites such as [[FanFiction.Net]]<ref name=CHot20thcent798>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge history of twentieth-century English literature |last= Laura |first= Marcus|author2=Peter Nicholls |year=2004 |publisher= Cambridge University Press|page= 798|isbn=978-0-521-82077-6}}</ref> (which gradually started taking the place of zines). With the Internet, the number of [[fandom]]s represented increased dramatically, especially those devoted to science fiction, fantasy, and police dramas.<ref name="Kustritz">{{cite journal | last = Kustritz | first = Anne
|date=September 2003 | title = Slashing the Romance Narrative | journal = The Journal of American Culture | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 371–384 | doi =  10.1111/1542-734X.00098 |url=http://www.asu.edu/courses/fms351vm/total-readings/fms351-L14-reading01.pdf}}</ref> The Internet also increased the level of reader interaction, making it easier for fans to comment on stories, give episode reviews, and [[Meta (prefix)|discuss]] comment on trends in slash fandom itself. Websites and fanzines dedicated to fans of ''[[The X-Files]]'', ''[[Stargate]]'', ''[[Harry Potter]]'', and ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' became common, with tens of thousands of slash stories available.<ref name=CHot20thcent798/>

Due to the lack of canonical homosexual relationships in source media at the time that slash fiction began to emerge, some came to see slash fiction stories as being exclusively outside their respective canons and held that the term "slash fiction" applies only when the characters' same-sex romantic or erotic relationship about which an author writes is not part of the source's canon and that fan fiction about [[canon (fiction)|canonical]] same-sex relationships is therefore not slash.<ref name="Tosenberger"/> Femslash, a subgenre of slash fiction which focuses on romantic and/or sexual relationships between female fictional characters,<ref>{{cite web|editor-last=Lo|editor-first=Malinda|date=January 4, 2006|url= http://www.afterellen.com/Print/2006/1/fanfiction.html|title=Fan Fiction Comes Out of the Closet|page=1|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080117044113/http://www.afterellen.com/Print/2006/1/fanfiction.html|archive-date=January 17, 2008|url-status=dead|website=[[AfterEllen]]|access-date=November 27, 2024}}</ref> on the other hand, are typically [[heterosexual]] in the canon universe, but when fictions focus on lesbian characters, the stories are often labeled as femslash for convenience.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Herzing |first=Melissa Jean |date=April 2005 |title=The Internet World of Fan Fiction |type=Masters |publisher=[[Virginia Commonwealth University]] |docket= |oclc= |url=https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://duckduckgo.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2045&context=etd |access-date=May 31, 2021 }}</ref> Original slash stories are those that contain male/male content, based on perceived homoerotic subtext between fictitious characters.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet: New Essays|author1=Hellekson, Karen |author2=Busse, Kristina |publisher=McFarland|year=2006|location=Jefferson}}</ref> This can be sourced from a variety of media content, such as manga, TV shows, movies and books amongst others. These works are now generally published online<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=A|year=2006|title=Fan fiction online: engagement, critical response and affective play through writing|journal=Australian Journal of Language & Literacy|volume=29|pages=226–239}}</ref> and use the same forms of rating, warnings and terminology that is commonly used by slash writers.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

In May 2020, ''[[She-Ra and the Princesses of Power]]'' showrunner [[ND Stevenson]] said that while shipping has been a great tool for fans, he does not want films or shows with just occasional glances, or for all same-sex relationships to be portrayed as shipping.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elderkin |first1=Beth |title=She-Ra's Noelle Stevenson Tells Us How Difficult It Was to Bring Adora and Catra Home |url=https://io9.gizmodo.com/she-ras-noelle-stevenson-tells-us-how-difficult-it-was-1843419358 |magazine=[[Gizmodo]] |access-date=May 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520025223/https://io9.gizmodo.com/she-ras-noelle-stevenson-tells-us-how-difficult-it-was-1843419358 |archive-date=May 20, 2020 |date=May 18, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>