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=== Direct focal illumination === [[File:Focal illumination.jpg|thumb|100px|Lesions are seen in superficial layers of cornea by direct focal illumination]] Observation with an optical section or direct focal illumination is the most frequently applied method. It is achieved by directing a full-height, hairline to medium width, medium-bright beam obliquely into the eye and focusing it on the cornea so that a quadrilateral block of light illuminates the transparent medias of eye. Viewing arm and illuminating arm are kept parfocal. This type of illumination is useful for depth localization. Direct focal illumination is used for grading cells and flare in anterior chamber by shortening height of beam to 2β1 mm.<ref>Practical Ophthalmology A MANUAL FOR BEGINNING RESIDENTS, Fourth Edition, page 220-221.</ref>
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