Editing Solar Energy Generating Systems (section)

==Individual locations==
The SEGS power plants were built by [[BrightSource Energy|Luz Industries]],<ref name=solel/><ref name="madrigal1109">{{cite web
|title=Crimes Against the Future: The Demise of Luz
|url=http://www.greentechhistory.com/2009/11/the-bankruptcy-of-luz/|work=Inventing Green
|access-date=30 September 2010
|author=Alexis Madrigal
|date=November 16, 2009
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711125533/http://www.greentechhistory.com/2009/11/the-bankruptcy-of-luz/
|archive-date=2011-07-11|author-link=Alexis Madrigal}}</ref> and commissioned between December 20, 1984 and October 1, 1990.<ref>[http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/electricity/solar_generation.html Solar Electricity Generation in California]</ref> After Luz Industries' [[bankruptcy]] in 1991 plants were sold to various investor groups as individual projects, and expansion including three more plants was halted.<ref name="CEC_filing"/>

Kramer Junction employs about 95&nbsp;people and 45&nbsp;people work at Harper Lake.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+  '''SEGS plant history and operational data (1985–1990)'''
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
! rowspan=2| Plant
! rowspan=2| Year <br />built
! rowspan=2| Location
! colspan="2" | Turbine <br />capacity 
! | Field <br />area 
! | Oil <br />temperature 
! colspan="6" | Gross solar production <br />of electricity (MWh)
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
! | Net (MW) 
! | Gross (MW)
! | (m<sup>2</sup>)
! | (°C)
! | 1985
! | 1986
! | 1987
! | 1988
! | 1989
! | 1990
|-
|align="left" | SEGS I||1984||Daggett||14 ||14||82,960||307||19,261||22,510||25,055||16,927||23,527||21,491
|-
|align="left" | SEGS II||1985||Daggett||30 ||33||190,338||316|| ||25,085||23,431||38,914||43,862||39,156
|-
|align="left" | SEGS III||1986||Kramer Jct.||30 ||33||230,300||349|| || ||49,444||61,475||63,096||69,410
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IV||1986||Kramer Jct.||30 ||33||230,300||349|| || ||52,181||64,762||70,552||74,661
|-
|align="left" | SEGS V||1987||Kramer Jct.||30 ||33||250,500||349|| || || ||62,858||65,280||72,449
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VI||1988||Kramer Jct.||30 ||35 ||188,000||390|| || || || ||48,045||62,690
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VII||1988||Kramer Jct.||30 ||35||194,280||390|| || || || ||38,868||57,661
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VIII||1989||Harper Lake||80 ||89||464,340||390|| || || || || ||114,996
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IX||1990||Harper Lake||80 ||89||483,960||390|| || || || || ||5,974
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
| colspan="3" align="left" | Total ||354 ||394|| 2,314,978|| ||19,261||47,595||150,111||244,937||353,230||518,487
|- 
| colspan="13" align="left" |''Sources'': Solargenix Energy,<ref name="Cohen 2006 10">
{{Cite journal
 |first       = Gilbert
 |last        = Cohen
 |editor      = IEEE May Technical Meeting
 |title       = Nevada First Solar Electric Generating System
 |year        = 2006
 |page        = 10
 |place       = Las Vegas, Nevada
 |publisher   = Solargenix Energy
 |url         = http://ewh.ieee.org/r6/las_vegas/IEEELASVEGASMAY2006.pdf
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090318231041/http://ewh.ieee.org/r6/las_vegas/IEEELASVEGASMAY2006.pdf
 |url-status    = dead
 |archive-date = 2009-03-18
}}</ref> KJC Operating Company,<ref name=NREL99/> [[IEEE]],<ref name="Kearney 1989 4–8">{{cite journal
  | last = Kearney
  | first = D.
  | title = Solar Electric Generating Stations (SEGS)
  | journal = IEEE Power Engineering Review
  | volume = 9
  | issue = 8
  | pages = 4–8
  | publisher = [[IEEE]]
  |date=August 1989
  | doi = 10.1109/MPER.1989.4310850
  | s2cid = 7639056
 }}</ref> [[NREL]]<ref name="Price 2002 9">
{{Cite journal
 |first       = Hank
 |last        = Price
 |editor      = Parabolic trough technology overview
 |title       = Trough Technology - Algeria
 |year        = 2002
 |page        = 9
 |publisher   = [[NREL]]
 |url         = http://www.ornl.gov/sci/engineering_science_technology/world/renewable/Trough%20Technology%20-%20Algeria2.pdf
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081020034143/http://www.ornl.gov/sci/engineering_science_technology/world/renewable/Trough%20Technology%20-%20Algeria2.pdf
 |archive-date = 2008-10-20
}}
</ref><ref name="web.archive.org">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110611215355/http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=36 Solar Electric Generating Station IX]. [[NREL]]</ref>
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+  '''SEGS plant history and operational data (1991–2002)'''
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
!  colspan="15" | Gross solar production <br />of electricity (MWh)
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
! | Plant
! | 1991
! | 1992
! | 1993
! | 1994
! | 1995
! | 1996
! | 1997
! | 1998
! | 1999
! | 2000
! | 2001
! | 2002
! | average 1998–2002
! | Total
|-
|align="left" | SEGS I||20,252||17,938||20,368||20,194||19,800||19,879||19,228||18,686||11,250||17,235||17,947||17,402||16,500
! 348,950
|-
|align="left" | SEGS II||35,168||32,481||36,882||36,566||35,853||35,995||34,817||33,836||33,408||31,207||32,497||31,511||32,500
! 571,696
|-
|align="left" | SEGS III||60,134||48,702||58,248||56,892||56,663||64,170||64,677||70,598||70,689||65,994||69,369||66,125||68,555
! 995,686
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IV||64,600||51,007||58,935||57,795||54,929||61,970||64,503||71,635||71,142||63,457||64,842||70,313||68,278
! 1,017,283
|-
|align="left" | SEGS V||59,009||55,383||67,685||66,255||63,757||71,439||75,936||75,229||70,293||73,810||71,826||73,235||72,879
! 1,014,444
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VI||64,155||47,087||55,724||56,908||63,650||71,409||70,019||67,358||71,066||68,543||67,339||64,483||67,758
! 878,476
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VII||58,373||46,940||54,110||53,251||61,220||70,138||69,186||67,651||66,258||64,195||64,210||62,196||65,048
! 834,986
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VIII||102,464||109,361||130,999||134,578||133,843||139,174||136,410||137,905||135,233||140,079||137,754||138,977||137,990
! 1,691,773
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IX||144,805||129,558||130,847||137,915||138,959||141,916||139,697||119,732||107,513||128,315||132,051||137,570||125,036
! 1,594,852
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
| align="left" |Total||608,960||538,458||613,798||620,358||628,674||676,091||674,473||662,631||636,851||652,835||657,834||662,542||654,539
! 8,967,123
|- 
| colspan="15" align="left" |''Sources'': Solargenix Energy,<ref name="Cohen 2006 10"/> KJC Operating Company,<ref name=NREL99/> [[IEEE]],<ref name="Kearney 1989 4–8"/> [[NREL]]<ref name="Price 2002 9"/><ref name="web.archive.org"/>
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+  '''SEGS plant history and operational data (2003–2014)'''
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
!  colspan="15" | Net solar production <br />of electricity (MWh)
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
! | Plant
! | 2003
! | 2004
! | 2005
! | 2006
! | 2007
! | 2008
! | 2009
! | 2010
! | 2011
! | 2012
! | 2013
! | 2014
! | average 2003–2014
! | Total
|-
|align="left" | SEGS I || 6,913 || 8,421 || 6,336 || 5,559 || 0 || 10,705 || 9,033 || 10,648 || 11,164 || 11,666 || 9,403 || 8,583 || 8,203
! 98,431
|-
|align="left" | SEGS II || 11,142 || 14,582 || 13,375 || 7,547 || 5,445 || 28,040 || 18,635 || 22,829 || 26,198 || 25,126 || 23,173 || 7,611 || 16,975
! 203,703
|-
|align="left" | SEGS III || 59,027 || 64,413 || 56,680 || 51,721 || 59,480 || 69,012 || 62,971 || 60,029 || 61,350 || 56,877 || 56,824 || 54,407 || 59,399
! 712,791
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IV || 58,100 || 62,006 || 56,349 || 52,439 || 59,799 || 69,338 || 63,563 || 63,084 || 57,684 || 62,414 || 58,317 || 54,321 || 59,785
! 717,414
|-
|align="left" | SEGS V || 61,921 || 67,717 || 62,309 || 53,471 || 59,547 || 69,316 || 59,820 || 54,328 || 60,451 || 62,877 || 57,758 || 56,354 || 60,489
! 725,869
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VI || 50,504 || 53,618 || 51,827 || 45,076 || 65,832 || 67,156 || 62,750 || 63,576 || 59,327 || 56,082 || 52,539 || 50,547 || 56,570
! 678,834
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VII || 49,154 || 50,479 || 46,628 || 42,050 || 58,307 || 65,185 || 58,950 || 58,836 || 57,378 || 54,147 || 48,183 || 46,762 || 53,005
! 636,059
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VIII || 119,357 || 124,089 || 120,282 || 117,451 || 122,676 || 135,492 || 131,474 || 155,933 || 152,463 || 145,247 || 141,356 || 145,525 || 134,279
! 1,611,345
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IX || 115,541 || 123,605 || 120,915 || 117,310 || 122,699 || 150,362 || 139,756 || 163,899 || 160,506 || 164,203 || 154,082 || 147,883 || 140,063
! 1,680,761
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
|Total || 531,659 || 568,930 || 534,701 || 492,624 || 553,785 || 664,606 || 606,952 || 653,162 || 646,521 || 638,639 || 601,635 || 571,993 || 588,767
! 7,065,207
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+  '''SEGS plant history and operational data (2015–2021)'''
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
! colspan="9" | Net solar production <br />of electricity (MWh)
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
! | Plant
! | 2015
! | 2016
! | 2017
! | 2018
!2019
!2020
!2021
! | Total
! | Total<br />1985–2021
|-
|align="left" | SEGS I<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10437 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS I]</ref> || 12,562 || dec. || (PV) || (PV) 
|(PV)
|(PV)
|(PV)|| 12,562
! 459,943
|-
|align="left" | SEGS II<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10438 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS II]</ref> || dec. || dec. || (PV) || (PV) 
|(PV)
|(PV)
|(PV)||  0
! 775,399
|-
|align="left" | SEGS III<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10439 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS III]</ref>|| 52,073 || 46,582 || 44,115 || 43,849 
|38,242
|0
|dec.||224,861
! 1,933,518
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IV<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10440 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS IV]</ref> || 53,117 || 49,034 || 43,182  || 44,406 
|41,865
|0
|dec.||231,604
! 1,969,301
|-
|align="left" | SEGS V<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10441 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS V]</ref> || 52,646 || 50,142 || 43,934 || 47,383 
|41,424
|0
|dec.|| 235,529
! 1,975,842
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VI<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10442 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS VI]</ref> || 46,937 || 40,923 || 36,380 || 34,262 
|0
|0
|dec.|| 158,502
! 1,715,812
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VII<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10443 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS VII]</ref> || 37,771 || 30,480 || 32,601 || 27,956 
|0
|0
|dec.|| 128,808
! 1,599,852
|-
|align="left" | SEGS VIII<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10444 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS VIII]</ref> || 138,149 || 140,849 || 123,451 || 132,871 
|120,530
|114,557
|81,699 ||852,106
! 4,189,538
|-
|align="left" | SEGS IX<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/10446 EIA Electricity Data Browser - SEGS IX]</ref> || 145,863 || 142,867 || 131,268 || 137,564 
|124,375
|122,045
|116,013 || 919,995
! 4,161,294
|- bgcolor="#ececec"
|Total || 539,118 || 500,877 || 454,931 || 468,291 
|366,254
|236,602
|197,712 || 2,754,405
! 18,780,499
|- 
| colspan="9" align="left" | Starting 2017, SEGS I was replaced by [[Photovoltaic system|PV system]] Sunray 2, and SEGS II by PV system Sunray 3
|}

=== Harper Lake ===
Until [[Ivanpah Solar Power Facility]] was commissioned in 2014, SEGS VIII and SEGS IX, located at  {{Coord|35.031815|-117.347270 |format=dms |region:US-CA_type:landmark |name=SEGS VIII and IX}} were the largest solar thermal power plants individually and collectively in the world.<ref>Jones, J. (2000), "[http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0196.pdf Solar Trough Power Plants]", [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]]. Retrieved 2010-01-04.</ref> They were the last, the largest, and the most advanced of the nine plants at SEGS, designed to take advantage of the [[economies of scale]]. Construction of the tenth plant in the same locality was halted because of the bankruptcy of Luz Industries. Construction of the approved eleventh and twelfth plants never started. Each of the three planned plants would have had 80 MW of installed capacity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.energy.ca.gov/siting/solar/index.html |title=California Energy Commission - Large Solar Energy Projects |access-date=2011-05-02 |archive-date=2008-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511185253/http://www.energy.ca.gov/siting/solar/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Abengoa Solar]] recently constructed the 280MW [[Mojave Solar Project]] (MSP) adjacent to the SEGS VIII and SEGS IX plants.<ref>[http://www.abengoasolar.com/web/en/plantas_solares/plantas_para_terceros/estados_unidos/index.html Abengoa Solar - The Mojave Solar Project]</ref> The MSP also uses concentrating solar thermal trough technology.

Starting in February 2020, SEGS VIII no longer burned natural gas. The last production month was October 2021. SEGS IX stopped burning natural gas starting October 2020, except for January 2021.

===Kramer Junction===
[[File:Solar Energy Generating Systems at Kramer Junction.jpg|thumb|The reflectors at Kramer Junction site facing the western sky to focus the late afternoon sunlight at the absorber tubes partially seen in the picture as bright white spots.]]
This location ({{Coord|35.013218|-117.560531 |format=dms |region:US-CA_type:landmark |name=SEGS III–VII}}) receives an average of 340&nbsp;days of sunshine per year, which makes it an ideal place for solar power generation. The average [[Direct insolation|direct normal radiation]] (DNR) is 7.44&nbsp;[[kWh]]/m<sup>2</sup>/day (310&nbsp;W/m<sup>2</sup>),<ref name=NREL99>
{{Cite journal
 |first       = Scott
 |last        = Frier
 |editor      = An overview of the Kramer Junction SEGS recent performance
 |title       = Parabolic Trough Workshop
 |year        = 1999
 |place       = Ontario, California
 |publisher   = KJC Operating Company
 |url         = http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/1999_kjc.pdf
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20081015003905/http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/pdfs/1999_kjc.pdf
 |archive-date = 2008-10-15
}}
</ref> one of the best in the nation{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}.  This was the location of SEGS II - VII, which were retired in 2019.  As of 2021, they were going to be replaced with a new solar photovoltaic array called Resurgence I.<ref name=cca-press-release>{{cite news |url=https://cal-cca.org/valley-clean-energy-makes-major-solarstorage-power-deal/ |title=Valley Clean Energy Makes Major Solar, Storage Power Deal}}</ref><ref name=sb-resurgence-project>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbcounty.gov/uploads/lus/pc/PROJ-2021-00019_Staff_Report_FINAL.pdf |title=Resurgence Solar I & II Land Use Services Department Planning Commission Staff Report }}</ref>

===Daggett===
SEGS I and II were located at {{Coord|34.8631|-116.827 |format=dms |region:US-CA_type:landmark |name=SEGS I and II}} and owned by Cogentrix Energy ([[Carlyle Group]]).<ref>[http://www.cogentrix.com/plants.aspx?id=15 SUNRAY/SEGS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516135750/http://www.cogentrix.com/plants.aspx?id=15 |date=2013-05-16 }}</ref> SEGS II was shut down in 2014 and was replaced by Sunray 3 (EIA plant code 10438), a 13,8 MW photovoltaic system. SEGS I was shut down one year later and replaced by 20 MW PV system Sunray 2 (EIA plant code 10437).<ref>[https://www.energy.ca.gov/almanac/renewables_data/solar/ California Solar Energy Statistics & Data]</ref><ref>[http://www.desertdispatch.com/article/20150425/NEWS/150429961 Permit approved for solar facility] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213030857/http://www.desertdispatch.com/article/20150425/NEWS/150429961 |date=2017-02-13 }}</ref> Sunray 2 and Sunray 3 started production in 2017 as per EIA data.