Editing Soong Ching-ling (section)

==== 1916-1922: Guangzhou ====
{{See also|Government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou}}
Sun's political rival, [[Yuan Shikai]], stepped down in 1916 following his short-lived attempt to restore the monarchy.{{Sfn|Zhang|2019|p=71}} In May of the same year, Sun and Ching-ling returned to Shanghai.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Chronological Table |url=http://www.ssclf.net/ChronologicalTable |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Shanghai Soong Ching Ling Foundation}}</ref> In 1917, Sun travelled to Guangzhou to establish a rival government opposing [[Duan Qirui]]'s Beijing government, while Ching-ling stayed behind in Shanghai. However, Sun's strong-handed policies alienated the new government in Guangzhou, leading to his expulsion and subsequent departure from the city. The couple began to live together in a large European-styled mansion in [[Shanghai French Concession]].{{Sfn|Zhang|2019|p=|pp=75-76}}

In November 1920, Sun returned to Guangzhou with the support of local military leader [[Chen Jiongming]] to establish a new government. On 7 April 1921, he assumed the title of Grand President of the Republic of China, setting up a breakaway regime to oppose the internationally recognised government in Beijing.{{Sfn|Zhang|2019|p=|pp=78}}

However, on 16 June 1922, Chen Jiongming rebelled. During the uprising, Ching-ling chose to stay behind to cover Sun's escape, declaring, "China can do without me; it cannot do without you."{{Sfn|Zhang|2019|p=|pp=80}} During her own flight, Ching-ling suffered a [[miscarriage]] and was later informed that she would never be able to [[Fertilisation|conceive]] again.{{Sfn|Zhang|2019|p=|pp=82}} Ching-ling, thereafter, became respected as Madame Sun Yat-sen.{{Sfn|Zhang|2019|p=|pp=83}}[[File:KMT 3rd Plenary Session of 2nd Central Committee.jpg|thumb|Third Plenary Session of the KMT Second Central Committee in Wuhan, March 1927. Soong Ching-ling is in the front next to her brother, [[T. V. Soong]].]][[File:The Rosamonde.jpg|thumb|Mme. Soong Qingling and Dr. Sun Yat-sen seen here with the [[Sen Yet Young|''Rosamonde'' biplane]]; the first indigenously designed aircraft in China in which Mme. Soong would fly as a passenger with pilot [[cmn:黄光锐|''Huang Guangrui'']] at the controls.]]