Editing Soviet space program (section)

====Group for the Study of Reactive Motion (GIRD)====
[[File:Ракета 09 и 10.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Rocket 09 (left) and 10 (GIRD-09 and GIRD-X). Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology; St. Petersburg.]]
{{main|Group for the Study of Reactive Motion}}
Practical aspects built on early experiments carried out by members of the 'Group for the Study of Reactive Motion' (better known by its Russian acronym "[[GIRD]]") in the 1930s, where Zander, Korolev and other pioneers such as the Russian engineers [[Mikhail Tikhonravov]], [[Leonid Dushkin]], [[Vladimir Vetchinkin]] and Yuriy Pobedonostsev worked together.{{sfn|Siddiqi|2000|pp=4–5}}{{sfn|Baker|Zak|2013|p=6}}{{sfn|Chertok|2005|p=166 Vol 1}} On August 18, 1933, the Leningrad branch of GIRD, led by Tikhonravov,{{sfn|Baker|Zak|2013|p=6}} launched the first [[Hybrid-propellant rocket|hybrid propellant rocket]], the [[Group for the Study of Reactive Motion#GIRD-9|GIRD-09]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Okninski |first1=Adam |title=Hybrid rocket propulsion technology for space transportation revisited – propellant solutions and challenges |journal=FirePhysChem |date=December 2021 |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=260–271 |doi=10.1016/j.fpc.2021.11.015 |s2cid=244899773 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021FPhCh...1..260O }}</ref> and on November 25, 1933, the Soviet's first liquid-fueled rocket [[GIRD-X]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) |url=http://weebau.com/rock_rus/gird.htm |website=WEEBAU |access-date=26 July 2022}}</ref>