Editing Space Invaders (section)

==Reception and versions==
{{Video game reviews
| Allgame = {{Rating|5|5}} (Arcade)<ref>{{cite web |last=Weiss |first=Brett Alan |title=Space Invaders |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=4717&tab=review |publisher=AllGame |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114110545/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=4717&tab=review |archive-date=November 14, 2014 |access-date=March 2, 2021}}</ref><br />{{Rating|4|5}} ({{nowrap|Atari 5200}})<ref>{{cite web |last=Weiss |first=Brett Alan |title=Space Invaders |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=15766&tab=review |publisher=AllGame |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114125957/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=15766&tab=review |archive-date=November 14, 2014 |access-date=March 2, 2021}}</ref><br />{{Rating|4|5}} (SNES)<ref>{{cite web |last=Weiss |first=Brett Alan |title=Space Invaders |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=7469&tab=review |publisher=AllGame |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114195553/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=7469&tab=review |archive-date=November 14, 2014 |access-date=March 2, 2021}}</ref>
| rev1 = ''[[Games World]]''
| rev1Score = 80% (Game Boy)<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Perry |first1=Dave |author1-link=Dave Perry |last2=Walkland |first2=Nick |last3=Roberts |first3=Nick |last4=Price |first4=Adrian |title=Reviews |magazine=[[Games World]] |date=November 1994 |issue=7 (January 1995) |publisher=[[Paragon Publishing]] |page=23 |url=https://archive.org/details/games-world-07/page/n22}}</ref>
| award1Pub = [[Arcade Awards]]
| award1 = [[List of Game of the Year awards|Game of the Year]]<ref name="award" />
| award2Pub = ''[[VideoGames]]''
| award2 = Best Game Boy Game ({{nowrap|runner-up}})<ref name="VG74">{{cite magazine |title=VideoGames Best of '94 |magazine=[[VideoGames - The Ultimate Gaming Magazine]] |date=February 1995 |issue=74 (March 1995) |pages=44–7 |url=https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_The_Ultimate_Gaming_Magazine_Issue_74_March_1995/page/n45/mode/2up}}</ref>
| award3Pub = ''[[Guinness World Records]]''
| award3 = Top Arcade Game of All Time<ref name="GWR08-3" />
| award4Pub = ''[[The Times]]''
| award4 = Most Influential Video Game Ever<ref name="the-times" />
}}

''Space Invaders'' initially received mixed responses from within Taito and [[amusement arcade]] owners. Nishikado's colleagues praised it, applauding his achievement while queuing up to play, whereas his bosses predicted low sales as games often ended more quickly than other timer-based arcade games at the time. A number of [[amusement arcade]] owners initially rejected it, but some [[pachinko]] parlors and [[bowling alley]]s adopted it; it quickly caught on, with many parlors and alleys clearing space for more ''Space Invaders'' cabinets.<ref name="Barton">{{cite book |last1=Barton |first1=Matt |chapter=''Space Invaders'': The Japanese Invasion |title=Vintage Games 2.0: An Insider Look at the Most Influential Games of All Time |date=May 8, 2019 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-1-000-00092-4 |pages=21–7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fU-fDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21}}</ref> In the first few months following its release in Japan, ''Space Invaders'' became popular,<ref name="1UP-10things" /> and specialty [[video arcade]]s opened with nothing but ''Space Invaders'' cabinets.<ref name="GI-177" /><ref name="1UP-10things" />

By the end of 1978, [[Taito]] had installed over 100,000 machines and grossed {{US$|670 million|long=no}} ({{US$|{{inflation|US|0.67|1978|r=1}} billion|long=no}} adjusted for inflation) in Japan alone.<ref name="Cohen">{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Daniel |title=Video Games |date=1982 |publisher=[[Pocket Books]] |location=New York |isbn=0-671-45872-8 |pages=15–7 |url=https://archive.org/details/book_video_games/page/n21/mode/2up}}</ref><ref name="eg_1_31">{{cite magazine |title=Can Asteroids Conquer Space Invaders? |magazine=Electronic Games |date=Winter 1981 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=30–33 [31] |url=http://www.digitpress.com/library/magazines/electronic_games/electronic_games_winter81.pdf#page=31 |access-date=February 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319212242/http://www.digitpress.com/library/magazines/electronic_games/electronic_games_winter81.pdf |archive-date=March 19, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> By June 1979, Taito had manufactured about 200,000–300,000 ''Space Invaders'' machines in Japan, with each unit earning an average of {{JPY|10,000}} or {{US$|{{To USD|10000|JPN|year=1979|round=yes}}|long=no|1979|round=0}} in [[100 yen coin]]s per day. However, this was not enough to meet the high demand, leading to Taito increasing production to 25,000–30,000 units per month and raising projections to 400,000 manufactured in Japan by the end of 1979.<ref name="FT"/> In order to cope with the demand, Taito licensed the overseas rights to Midway for distribution outside of Japan. By the end of 1979, an estimated 750,000 ''Space Invaders'' machines were installed worldwide, including 400,000 in Japan, 85,000 in the United Kingdom,<ref name="ACE">{{cite magazine |title=After ''Pong'' |magazine=[[ACE (magazine)|ACE]] |date=February 4, 1988 |issue=6 (March 1988) |pages=29–32 (29) |url=https://archive.org/details/ACE_Issue_06_1988-03_Future_Publishing_GB/page/n28/mode/1up}}</ref> and 60,000 within a year in the United States<ref name="Peterson-175">{{citation |title=Genesis II, creation and recreation with computers |author=Dale Peterson |publisher=[[Reston Publishing]] |year=1983 |isbn=0-8359-2434-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DL1YAAAAMAAJ |access-date=May 1, 2011 |page=175 |quote=By 1980, some 300,000 Space Invader video arcade games were in use in Japan, and an additional 60,000 in the United States.|author-link=Dale Peterson}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games |first=David |last=Ellis |chapter=Arcade Classics |page=[https://archive.org/details/officialpricegui00davi/page/345 345] |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=0-375-72038-3 |year=2004 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/officialpricegui00davi |url=https://archive.org/details/officialpricegui00davi/page/345 }}</ref><ref name="powerup19">{{cite book |last=Kohler |first=Chris |title=Power-Up: How Japanese Video Games Gave the World an Extra Life |year=2004 |publisher=BradyGames |location=Indianapolis, Ind. |isbn=0-7440-0424-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=auMTAQAAIAAJ&q=%22represented+a+significant+portion+of+the+cost%22 19] |quote=Within one year of its US release, an additional 60,000 machines had been sold.<br />One arcade owner said of Space Invaders that it was the first arcade game whose intake "represented a significant portion of the cost of [buying] the game in any one week." That is, it was the first video game that paid for itself within about a month.}}</ref> (where prices ranged from $2,000 to $3,000 for each machine);<ref>{{citation |title=Video arcades rival Broadway theatre and girlie shows in NY |work=[[InfoWorld]] |date=April 12, 1982 |volume=4 |issue=14 |issn=0199-6649 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YjAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15 |access-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref> the game eventually sold 72,000 units in the United States by 1982.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Stone |first1=Andrea |title=The House That Pac Built: Midway Manufacturing is king of the coin-op hill and loving it! |magazine=Video Games |date=December 1982 |volume=1 |issue=3 |publisher=Pumpkin Press |pages=53–55 (54) |url=https://archive.org/details/Video_Games_Volume_1_Number_03_1982-12_Pumpkin_Press_US/page/n53}}</ref> By 1979, it had become the [[arcade game]] industry's all-time best-seller.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=1979: The Year in Review |magazine=[[Cash Box]] |date=December 19, 1979 |page=114 |url=https://archive.org/details/cashbox41unse_31/page/n131 }}</ref>

''Space Invaders'' had about {{nowrap|8 million}} [[Active users|daily players]] in Japan, with daily revenue peaking at {{JPY|2.6 billion}} or {{US$|{{To USD|2600|JPN|year=1978|round=yes}},000,000|long=no|1978|round=-6}}.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Games Boom Rolls On |magazine=[[Asiaweek]] |date=May 1981 |volume=7 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHQMAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Asiaweek Limited |quote=Roughly {{nowrap|8 million}} people played the game daily, spending {{nowrap|2.6 billion}} yen (US$114m.) a day and forcing the Bank of Japan to make three special mintings of 100-yen coins.}}</ref> ''Space Invaders'' machines had grossed more than four billion [[US quarters]] ({{US$|1 billion|long=no}} at the time, or {{US$|{{inflation|US|1|1978|r=1}} billion|long=no}} adjusted for inflation) by 1979.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sullivan |first1=George |chapter=The First Big Hits |title=Screen Play: The Story of Video Games |date=1983 |publisher=[[F. Warne]] |isbn=978-0-7232-6251-0 |pages=38–47 (40) |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ScreenPlaytheStoryofVideoGames/page/n49}}</ref> It remained the top arcade game for three years through 1980.<ref name="Cohen"/> In 1981, several years after its release, it still had weekly earnings of {{US$|7.7 million|long=no}} in the United States, second only to ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arcade games a bigger draw than the movies |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5P0hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0KQFAAAAIBAJ&dq=arcade%20game&pg=922%2C2509334 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |work=[[The Montreal Gazette]] |date=July 27, 1981 |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306000720/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5P0hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0KQFAAAAIBAJ&dq=arcade%20game&pg=922%2C2509334 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 1982, it had crossed $2&nbsp;billion in quarters<ref name="CBC-1982">{{cite web|date=November 23, 1982|title=Making millions, 25 cents at a time|url=https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/video-games-making-millions-25-cents-at-a-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222152117/http://archives.cbc.ca/arts_entertainment/media/clips/15869/|archive-date=December 22, 2008|access-date=April 30, 2011|work=[[The Fifth Estate (TV)|The Fifth Estate]]|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref name="Executive">{{citation |title=Space Invaders vs. Star Wars |work=Executive |volume=24 |publisher=Southam Business Publications |year=1982 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-KwTAQAAMAAJ |access-date=April 30, 2011 |page=9 |quote=According to TEC, Atari's arcade game Space Invaders has taken in $2&nbsp;billion, with net receipts of $450 million.}}</ref> (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|2000000000|1978}}}} adjusted for inflation),<ref name="Inflation">{{cite web |title=CPI Inflation Calculator |publisher=[[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] |url=http://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm |access-date=March 22, 2011 |archive-date=September 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917111520/https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> with a [[net profit]] of $450&nbsp;million<ref name="Executive" /> (equivalent to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US|450000000|1978}}}} adjusted for inflation).<ref name="Inflation" /> This made it the [[best-selling video game]] and [[List of highest-grossing arcade games|highest-grossing]] "entertainment product" of its time,<ref name="CBC-1982" /> with comparisons made to the then [[highest-grossing film]] ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'',<ref name="CBC-1982" /><ref name="Executive-SW" /> which had grossed $486&nbsp;million,<ref name="Executive-SW" /> with a net profit of $175&nbsp;million.<ref name="Executive-SW">{{citation |title=Space Invaders vs. Star Wars |work=Executive |volume=24 |publisher=Southam Business Publications |year=1982 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-KwTAQAAMAAJ |access-date=April 30, 2011 |page=9 |quote=They compare this to the box office movie top blockbuster Star Wars, which has taken in only $486 million, for a net of $175 million.}}</ref> By 1982, it had [[Gross revenue|grossed]] {{US$|3.8 billion|long=no}}, equivalent to over {{US$|13 billion|long=no}} as of 2016.<ref name="Game On" /> ''Space Invaders'' earned Taito profits of over {{US$|500,000,000|long=no|1978|round=-8}}.<ref name="GI-177" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Gamespy Hall of Fame: Space Invaders |work=[[GameSpy]] |author=Kevin Bowen |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/legacy/halloffame/spaceinvaders.shtm |access-date=April 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408152913/http://archive.gamespy.com/legacy/halloffame/spaceinvaders.shtm |archive-date=April 8, 2008 }}</ref>

===Home versions===
{{Further|Space Invaders (Atari 2600 video game)}}
The 1980 [[Atari VCS]] (Atari 2600) version was the first official [[licensing]] of an arcade game for consoles and became the first [[killer app]] for [[home video game console]]s after quadrupling the system's sales.<ref name="RG-41" /><ref>{{cite book |title=[[Ultimate History of Video Games]] |first=Steven |last=Kent | author-link = Steven L. Kent|page=190 |publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]] |isbn=0-7615-3643-4 |year=2001}}</ref> It sold over one million units in its first year, then over {{nowrap|4.2 million}} copies by the end of 1981, and over {{nowrap|5.6 million}} by 1982. It was the [[List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games|best-selling Atari 2600 game]] up until the [[Pac-Man (Atari 2600 video game)|Atari version of ''Pac-Man'']] (1982).<ref name="Atari">{{cite book |title=Cartridge Sales Since 1980 |publisher=[[Atari Corp.]]}} Via {{cite episode |title=The Agony & The Ecstasy |series=Once Upon Atari |date=August 10, 2003 |number=4 |minutes=23 |publisher=Scott West Productions}}</ref> ''Space Invaders'' for the Atari 2600 had sold {{formatnum:{{#expr:1318655+2964137+1373033+435353}}|}} cartridges by 1983,<ref name="Atari"/> and a further {{formatnum:{{#expr:(11523+6000)+65148+29717+36308+12355}}|}} between 1986 and 1990,<ref name="Vendel">{{Cite web|last=Vendel|first=Curt|date=May 28, 2009|title=Site News|url=http://www.atarimuseum.com/whatsnew/2009-MAY-28.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206090952/http://www.atarimuseum.com/whatsnew/2009-MAY-28.html|archive-date=December 6, 2010|access-date=November 27, 2021|website=Atari Museum}}</ref> for a total of over {{nowrap|{{#expr:6.091178+0.161051 round 2}} million}} cartridges sold by 1990.

Other official [[Video game conversion|conversions]] were released for the [[Atari 8-bit computers]] and [[Atari 5200]] console, while Taito later released it for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Nintendo Famicom]] in 1985, but only in Japan. By 1982, versions of ''Space Invaders'' were available for [[handheld electronic game]] devices, tabletop [[dedicated console]]s, [[home computer]]s, [[watch]]es and [[pocket calculator]]s.<ref name="Cohen"/> The Atari VCS conversion was programmed by Richard Maurer,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haque |first1=James |title=Reminiscing from Richard Maurer |url=https://dadgum.com/giantlist/archive/maurer.html |access-date=May 19, 2021 |work=Giant List of Classic Game Programmers |publisher=Dadgum Games |date=January 5, 1999 |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622135928/https://dadgum.com/giantlist/archive/maurer.html |url-status=live }}</ref> while the Atari 5200 conversion was programmed by Eric Manghise and animated by Marilyn Churchill.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stilphen |first1=Scott |title=DP Interviews... Marilyn Churchill |url=https://www.digitpress.com/library/interviews/interview_marilyn_churchill.html |access-date=May 19, 2021 |work=Digital Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226230857/http://www.digitpress.com/library/interviews/interview_marilyn_churchill.html |archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref>

More than a hundred ''Space Invaders'' [[video game clone]]s were released for various platforms,<ref name="smithsonianmag history">{{cite web | url = https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/original-space-invaders-icon-1970s-America-180969393/ | title = The Original 'Space Invaders' Is a Meditation on 1970s America's Deepest Fears | first = Lindsay | last = Grace | date = June 19, 2018 | access-date = April 22, 2021 | work = [[Smithsonian Magazine]] | archive-date = April 22, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210422215437/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/original-space-invaders-icon-1970s-America-180969393/ | url-status = live }}</ref> such as ''[[Super Invader]]'' (1979)<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Super Invader Is Reader's Choice |magazine=[[Softalk]] |date=April 1981 |issue=13 |url=http://apple2history.org/appendix/aha/aha78/ |access-date=February 10, 2012 |archive-date=February 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207130344/http://apple2history.org/appendix/aha/aha78/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[TI Invaders]]'' (1981); the latter was the [[List of best-selling PC games|top-selling game]] for the [[TI-99/4A]] through at least 1982.<ref>{{citation |title=Cash In On the Video Game Craze |work=[[Black Enterprise]] |date=December 1982 |volume=12 |issue=5 |issn=0006-4165 |pages=41–2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6pacvfrf0wC&pg=PA41 |access-date=May 1, 2011|last1=Earl g. Graves |first1=Ltd }}</ref>