Editing Spanish-based creole languages (section)

==Spanish-influenced creole languages==

===Annobonese Creole===
The '''[[Annobonese Creole]]''', locally called '''Fa d'Ambö''' ('''Fa d'Ambu''' or even '''Fá d'Ambô''') is a [[Portuguese creole|Portuguese-based creole]], similar to [[Forro language|Forro]], with some borrowings from Spanish. It is spoken by 9,000 people on the islands of [[Annobón|Ano Bom]] and [[Bioko]], in [[Equatorial Guinea]]. In fact, Fa d'Ambu shares the same structure of Forro (82% of lexicon).

In the 15th century, the island was uninhabited and discovered by [[Portugal]] but, by the 18th century, Portugal exchanged it and some other territories in Africa for Uruguay with [[Spain]]. Spain wanted to get territory in Africa, and Portugal wanted to enlarge even more the territory that they saw as the "New Portugal" (Brazil). Nevertheless, the populace of Ano Bom was against the shift and was hostile toward the Spaniards. This hostility, combined with their isolation from mainland Equatorial Guinea and their proximity to [[São Tomé and Príncipe]]—just 400&nbsp;km from the island—has assured the maintenance of its identity.

Fa d'Ambu has gained some words of [[Spanish language|Spanish]] origin (10% of lexicon), but some words are dubious in origin because Spanish and Portuguese are closely related languages.

{{See also|History of Equatorial Guinea}}

===Papiamento===
'''[[Papiamento]]''' is spoken in the [[Dutch Caribbean]]. It is a [[Portuguese-based creole languages|Portuguese-based creole]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jacobs|first=Bart|date=2009-11-09|title=The Upper Guinea origins of Papiamentu: Linguistic and historical evidence|url=https://www.academia.edu/621021|journal=Diachronica|language=en|volume=26|issue=3|pages=319–379|doi=10.1075/dia.26.3.02jac|issn=0176-4225}}</ref> with a large  influence from [[Spanish language|Spanish]], some influence from [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and a little from [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Indigenous American languages]], [[English language|English]] and African languages. Spoken in [[Aruba]], [[Bonaire]], [[Curaçao]], by 341,300 people in 2019.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191023172701/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pap www.ethnologue.com]</ref> It was made the official language, alongside Dutch and English, in 2007.<ref name=Romero/>

Today, the [[Venezuelan Spanish]] influence is very strong, especially on the Aruban dialect, but, due to the [[Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish|similarities between the Iberian Romance languages]], it is difficult to ascertain whether a certain feature is derived from Portuguese or from Spanish.<ref name=Romero>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/05/world/americas/05curacao.html|title=Willemstad Journal: A Language Thrives in Its Caribbean Home|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Simon|last=Romero|date=2010-07-05}}</ref>

===Pichinglis===
[[Pichinglis]] is spoken on Bioko island, Equatorial Guinea.
It originated with the arrival of [[Krio language|Krio]] speakers from the mainland.
Krio is a creole that derives [[English-based creole|most of its vocabulary from English]], but the [[Spanish Guinea|Spanish colonization of Guinea]] exerted Spanish influence on its lexicon and grammar.