Editing Standard state (section)

=== Adsorbates ===
For molecules adsorbed on surfaces there have been various conventions proposed based on hypothetical standard states. For adsorption that occurs on specific sites ([[Langmuir adsorption model|Langmuir adsorption isotherm]]) the most common standard state is a relative coverage of {{nowrap|''θ''° {{=}} 0.5}}, as this choice results in a cancellation of the [[configuration entropy|configurational entropy]] term and is also consistent with neglecting to include the standard state (which is a common error).<ref name="Savara">{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/jp404398z |title=Standard States for Adsorption on Solid Surfaces: 2D Gases, Surface Liquids, and Langmuir Adsorbates |journal=J. Phys. Chem. C |volume=117 |pages=15710–15715  |year=2013 |last1=Savara |first1=Aditya |issue=30 |doi-access= }}</ref>  The advantage of using {{nowrap|''θ''° {{=}} 0.5}} is that the configurational term cancels and the [[entropy]] extracted from thermodynamic analyses is thus reflective of intra-molecular changes between the bulk phase (such as gas or liquid) and the adsorbed state. There may be benefit to tabulating values based on both the relative coverage based standard state and in an additional column the absolute coverage based standard state. For 2D gas states, the complication of discrete states does not arise and an absolute density base standard state has been proposed, similar for the 3D gas phase.<ref name="Savara" />