Editing Steering wheel (section)

==Adjustable steering wheels==
[[File:Honda EV-STER twin-lever steering 2012 Tokyo Auto Salon.jpg|thumb|right|2012 Honda EV-STER "Twin Lever Steering"]]

===Tilt wheel===
[[File:1976 AMC Matador coupe cocoa fl-sw.jpg|thumb|right|Adjustable three-spoke steering wheel on a collapsible column in an [[AMC Matador]] from the 1970s]]

Edward James Lobdell developed the original tilt wheel in the early 1900s.<ref name="automotivemileposts">{{cite web |url=http://automotivemileposts.com/autobrevity/tiltwheel.html |title=Tilt Steering Wheel |website=automotivemileposts.com |access-date=27 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20121127132257/http://automotivemileposts.com/autobrevity/tiltwheel.html |archive-date=27 November 2012}}</ref> A 7-position tilt wheel was introduced by the Saginaw Division of General Motors in 1963 for all passenger car divisions except Chevrolet which received the tilt wheel in 1964.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uaugkWcuACUC&pg=PA10 |page=10 |title=American Cars of the 1960s: A Decade of Diversity |first=John |last=Gunnell |publisher=Krause Publications |year=2005 |isbn=9780896891319 |access-date=27 November 2012 }}</ref> This tilt wheel was also supplied to the other US automakers (except Ford).<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1yUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58 |first=Jim |last=Whipple |magazine=Popular Science |date=October 1964 |title=Detroit Report |page=58 |volume=185 |issue=4 |access-date=27 November 2012}}</ref> Originally a luxury option on cars, the tilt function helps to adjust the steering wheel by moving the wheel through an arc in an up and down motion. Tilt Steering Wheels rely upon a ratchet joint located in the steering column just below the steering wheel. The wheel can be adjusted upward or downward by disengaging the ratchet lock while the steering column remains stationary below the joint. Some designs place the pivot slightly forward along the column, allowing for a fair amount of vertical movement of the steering wheel with slight actual tilt. In contrast, other designs place the pivot almost inside the steering wheel, allowing adjustment of the angle of the steering wheel with nearly no change in its height.

===Adjustable steering column===
An adjustable steering column allows the steering wheel height to be adjusted with only a small, useful change in tilt. Most of these systems work with compression locks or electric motors instead of ratchet mechanisms; the latter may be capable of moving to a memorized position when a given driver uses the car or automatically moving up and forward to ease egress.

===Telescope wheel===
Many pre-war British cars offered telescoping steering wheels that required loosening a locknut before adjustment, many using the Douglas ASW (Adjustable Steering Wheel).<ref name="automotivemileposts"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mg-tabc.org/library/mg_steering_wheels.htm |title=T-Series Steering wheels G TA, TB and TC ... {{sic|or|ginality|nolink=y}} |first=Ben |last=Cordsen |website=mg-tabc.org |access-date=23 June 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531004150/http://www.mg-tabc.org/library/mg_steering_wheels.htm |archive-date=31 May 2016}}</ref> In 1949, the [[Jaguar XK120]] introduced a new steering wheel supplied by Bluemel that was driver-adjustable by loosening a sleeve around the column by hand.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.jag-lovers.org/brochures/bro1949/jag_48_12_l.jpg |title=Specifications |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref> The 1955-1957 [[Ford Thunderbird]] had a similar design with {{convert|3|in|mm|0}} of total travel.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird_Folder/1955%20Ford%20Thunderbird%20Folder-02-03-04.html |title=1955 Ford Thunderbird folder |website=Oldcarbrochures.com |access-date=27 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121229183639/http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird/1955_Ford_Thunderbird_Folder/1955%20Ford%20Thunderbird%20Folder-02-03-04.html |archive-date=29 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure/1956%20Ford%20Thunderbird-12-13.html |title=1956 Ford Thunderbird brochure |website=Oldcarbrochures.com |access-date=27 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121229152959/http://www.oldcarbrochures.com/static/NA/Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird/1956_Ford_Thunderbird_Brochure/1956%20Ford%20Thunderbird-12-13.html |archive-date=29 December 2012}}</ref> In 1956, the travel was restricted to {{convert|2|in|mm|0}}. A patent was filed regarding a telescoping steering wheel in July 1942 by Bernard Maurer of the Saginaw Steering Gear Division of [[General Motors]] (now [[Nexteer Automotive]]). Nevertheless, GM would not offer a telescoping wheel of their own until the debut of the optional telescopic wheel on the 1965 [[Chevrolet_Corvette_(C2)#1965|Corvette]] and [[Chevrolet_Corvair#Second_generation_(1965–1969)|Corvair]], and the optional tilt/telescope wheel on 1965 [[Cadillacs]]. The GM column was released by twisting a locking ring surrounding the center hub and offered a {{convert|3|in|mm|0|adj=on}} range of adjustment.

===Swing-away steering wheel===
[[File:Ford Thunderbird (1964-66) (18743387216).jpg|thumb|right|[[Ford Thunderbird]] steering column "swung" to right]]

A swing-away steering column was introduced in the 1961 [[Ford Thunderbird]] and made available on other Ford products during the 1960s. The swing-away steering wheel allowed the steering wheel to move {{convert|9|in|mm|0}} to the right when the transmission selector was in the "park" position to make the driver's exit and entry easier.<ref name="automotivemileposts"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://automotivemileposts.com/tbird1961swingaway.html |title=History of Ford Swing-Away, Tilt-Away, and Tilt Steering Wheels |website=automotivemileposts.com |access-date=27 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170314080113/http://automotivemileposts.com/tbird1961swingaway.html |archive-date=14 March 2017}}</ref>

===Tilt-away steering wheel===
A tilt-away wheel was introduced by [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] in 1967 after updates to [[Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards]] requirements. Though it was an update to the swing-away steering wheel, which did not meet updated safety standards, it offers limited movement but added convenience due to the automatic pop-over function over its predecessor.<ref>{{cite web|last1=King |first1=Matthew |title=Types of Adjustable Steering Wheels |url= https://fssteeringwheels.com/blogs/news/types-of-adjustable-steering-wheels |website=Forever Sharp Steering Wheels |date=6 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180505150227/https://fssteeringwheels.com/blogs/news/types-of-adjustable-steering-wheels |archive-date=5 May 2018}}</ref>

===Quick release hub steering wheel===
[[File:1974 AMC Matador grand national int.jpg|thumb|right|Quick release hub and the detached steering wheel on the floor, used mainly in race cars]]

Some steering wheels can be mounted on a detachable or a quick-release hub. The steering wheel can be removed without using tools by pressing a button. The system is often found in narrow-spaced racing cars to facilitate the driver getting in and out, as well as in other cars as an anti-theft device.<ref>[https://www.raptorsteering.com/blog Quick release hub steering wheel | Raptor Steering Wheels]</ref> The quick-release connector is often brand-specific, with some makes being interchangeable. The most common mounting pattern is 6×70&nbsp;mm,<ref name="nlmotoring">[https://nlmotoring.com/how-tos/steering-wheel-bolt-patterns-explained/ Steering Wheel Bolt Patterns Explained]</ref> which denotes a [[bolt circle]] pattern with six bolts placed along a circle 70&nbsp;mm in diameter.<ref>[https://blog.demon-tweeks.com/motorsport/demon-tweeks-steering-wheel-guide/ Demon Tweeks Steering Wheel Guide | Demon Tweeks Blog]</ref> Other examples of common bolt patterns are 3×{{cvt|1.75|in|mm|sigfig=4}}, 5×{{cvt|2.75|in|mm|sigfig=4}}, 6×74&nbsp;mm and 6×{{cvt|2.75|in|mm|sigfig=4}}.<ref name="nlmotoring"/> The quick release itself is often proprietary.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}