Editing Steppe bison (section)

== Extinction ==
The steppe bison distribution contracted to the north after the end of the [[Last Glacial Period|Last Glacial period]], surviving into the mid [[Holocene]] before becoming extinct as part of the [[Quaternary extinction event|Late Quaternary extinction event]].<ref name=YukagirBison /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zazula|first1=Grant D.|last2=Hall|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Hare|first3=P. Gregory|last4=Thomas|first4=Christian|last5=Mathewes|first5=Rolf|last6=La Farge|first6=Catherine|last7=Martel|first7=André L.|last8=Heintzman|first8=Peter D.|last9=Shapiro|first9=Beth|date=November 2017|title=A middle Holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada|url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjes-2017-0100|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=54|issue=11|pages=1138–1152|doi=10.1139/cjes-2017-0100|bibcode=2017CaJES..54.1138Z |hdl=1807/78639 |s2cid=54951935 |issn=0008-4077|hdl-access=free}}</ref> A steppe bison skeleton was dated to 5,578-5327 [[radiocarbon calibration|calibrated]] years [[Before Present]] (c. 3450 BCE) in [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1139/cjes-2017-0100|title=A middle Holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=54|issue=11|pages=1138–1152|year=2017|last1=Zazula|first1=Grant D.|last2=Hall|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Hare|first3=P. Gregory|last4=Thomas|first4=Christian|last5=Mathewes|first5=Rolf|last6=La Farge|first6=Catherine|last7=Martel|first7=André L.|last8=Heintzman|first8=Peter D.|last9=Shapiro|first9=Beth|bibcode=2017CaJES..54.1138Z|hdl=1807/78639|s2cid=54951935 |url=https://pgl.soe.ucsc.edu/zazula17.pdf|hdl-access=free}}</ref> ''B. priscus'' remains in the northern [[Angara River]] in [[Asia]] were dated to 2550-2450 BCE,<ref name= "Markova"/> and in the [[Oyat River]] in [[Leningrad Oblast]], [[Russia]] to 1130-1060 BCE.<ref name = "Plasteeva">Plasteeva, N. A., Gasilin, V. V., Devjashin, M. M., & Kosintsev, P. A. (2020). Holocene Distribution and Extinction of Ungulates in Northern Eurasia. ''Biology Bulletin'', 47(8), 981-995.</ref> The causes for the extinction of the steppe bison and many other primarily [[megafauna]]l species remain hotly debated, but the selectivity for large animals suggests that the [[Recent African origin of modern humans|spread of modern humans]] played a substantial role.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lemoine |first1=Rhys Taylor |last2=Buitenwerf |first2=Robert |last3=Svenning |first3=Jens-Christian |date=2023-12-01 |title=Megafauna extinctions in the late-Quaternary are linked to human range expansion, not climate change |journal=Anthropocene |volume=44 |pages=100403 |doi=10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100403 |issn=2213-3054|doi-access=free |bibcode=2023Anthr..4400403L }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Felisa A. |last2=Elliott Smith |first2=Rosemary E. |last3=Lyons |first3=S. Kathleen |last4=Payne |first4=Jonathan L. |last5=Villaseñor |first5=Amelia |date=2019-05-01 |title=The accelerating influence of humans on mammalian macroecological patterns over the late Quaternary |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=211 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.031 |issn=0277-3791|doi-access=free |bibcode=2019QSRv..211....1S }}</ref>