Editing Steroid hormone receptor (section)

===== Genomic =====

Depending on their mechanism of action and subcellular distribution, nuclear receptors may be classified into at least two classes.<ref name="Mangelsdorf_1995">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mangelsdorf DJ, Thummel C, Beato M, Herrlich P, Schütz G, Umesono K, Blumberg B, Kastner P, Mark M, Chambon P, Evans RM | title = The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade | journal = Cell | volume = 83 | issue = 6 | pages = 835–9 | date = Dec 1995 | pmid = 8521507 | pmc = 6159888 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90199-X }}</ref><ref name="Novac_2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Novac N, Heinzel T | title = Nuclear receptors: overview and classification | journal = Current Drug Targets. Inflammation and Allergy | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 335–46 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15584884 | doi = 10.2174/1568010042634541 }}</ref> Nuclear receptors that bind steroid hormones are all classified as type I receptors.  Only type I receptors have a [[heat shock protein]] (HSP) associated with the inactive receptor that will be released when the receptor interacts with the ligand. Type I receptors may be found in [[homodimer]] or [[heterodimer]] forms. Type II nuclear receptors have no HSP, and in contrast to the classical type I receptor are located in the cell nucleus.

Free (that is, unbound) steroids enter the cell cytoplasm and interact with their receptor. In this process heat shock protein is dissociated, and the activated receptor-ligand complex is translocated into the nucleus. It is also related to EAATs.

After binding to the [[ligand]] (steroid hormone), steroid receptors often form [[protein dimer|dimer]]s. In the nucleus, the complex acts as a [[transcription factor]], augmenting or suppressing [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription]] particular [[gene]]s by its action on DNA.

Type II receptors are located in the nucleus. Thus, their ligands pass through the cell membrane and cytoplasm and enter the nucleus where they activate the receptor without release of HSP. The activated receptor interacts with the hormone response element and the transcription process is initiated as with type I receptors.