Editing Straight-five engine (section)

== Usage in automobiles ==
=== Diesel engines ===
The 1938 [[Lancia 3Ro#Lancia 3Ro|Lancia 3Ro]] trucks introduced a straight-five diesel engine to replace the previous straight-three engine. Built for the Italian and German armed forces during World War II and later for civilian usage, the truck remained in production until 1950.<ref>{{cite book|title=Storia Illustrata del Camion Italiano|date=1996 |publisher=Edizione Neri|isbn=978-88-900 955-8-0|language=it}}</ref>

The first mass-production straight-five passenger car engine was the 1974 [[Mercedes-Benz OM617 engine|Mercedes-Benz OM617]], a [[naturally aspirated engine|naturally-aspirated]] {{convert|3.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} engine introduced in the ''Mercedes-Benz 300D (W114/W115)'' models. In 1978, a [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] version was introduced in the ''Mercedes-Benz 300SD Turbo'' models. Mercedes-Benz continued to produce straight-five engines for the next 28 years, until the [[Mercedes-Benz OM647 engine|Mercedes-Benz OM647]] engine ended production in 2006.

In 1978, the [[List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines#2.0 R5 D 51kW|Audi 2.0 R5 D]] engine was introduced in the ''Audi 100'' sedan. In 1983, a turbocharged version was introduced, initially for the U.S. market Audi 100. Several Volvo cars were produced with Audi straight-five diesel engines, prior to the introduction of the [[Volvo D5 engine|Volvo D5]] turbo-diesel engine; this engine was produced from 2001 to 2017 and was used in several diesel hybrid applications (marketed as "twin engine" models).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/Volvocars/GB/V60GBen/ |title=V60_GBen |publisher=Ipaper.ipapercms.dk |access-date=2018-05-17 |archive-date=2018-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916154704/http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/Volvocars/GB/V60GBen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.matthewsvolvosite.com/history-volvo-5-cylinder/|title = History of the Volvo 5 Cylinder|date = 11 October 2017}}</ref>

Other mass-production straight-five diesel engines include the 1999–2001 [[List of VM Motori engines#531 OHV|VM Motori 531]] turbo-diesel engine,<ref>{{cite web |title=VM Motori 3.1 531 OHV engine |url=https://www.automaniac.org/engine/vm-motori/964/vm-motori-3125cc-diesel-3.1-531-ohv-10v-150hp |website=AutoManiac |access-date=24 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> the 1998–2007 [[Land Rover engines#Td5 (engine codes: 10P, 15P and 16P)|Land Rover Td5]] turbo-diesel engine, the 2006–2019 [[Ford Duratorq engine#3.2|Ford Duratorq 3.2]] turbo-diesel engine and the 1998–2009 [[Fiat JTD engine#2.4|Fiat JTD 2.4]] turbo-diesel engine.

=== Petrol engines ===
{{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250
| image1   = Audi 2.3 L SOHC 10V I5 engine.jpg
| caption1 = An [[List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines#2.3 NG 98-125kW|Audi 2.3 NG]] engine, mounted longitudinally
| image2   = Volvo B5244S engine.jpg
| caption2 = A [[Volvo Modular engine#B5244S|Volvo B5244S]] engine, mounted transversely
}}
[[Henry Ford]] had an inline-five engine developed in the late 1930s to early 1940s for a compact economy car design, which never saw production due to lack of demand for small cars in the United States.<ref>{{citation|work=Popular Science|date=August 1960|page=195|title=Henry Ford's Weird Old Engines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64|publisher=Bonnier Corporation}}</ref>

The first production straight-five petrol engine was the [[List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines#2.1 R5 79-85kW|Audi 2.1 R5]] introduced in the Audi 100 in 1977. Audi has continued use of straight-five petrol engines (in both [[naturally aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] and [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] versions) to the present day. The [[Audi TT#TT Mk3 (Type FV/8S, 2014–present)|Audi TT RS]] and [[Audi A3#Third generation (Typ 8V; 2013)|Audi RS3]] currently use straight-five engines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutton |first=Mike |date=2017-10-16 |title=400-HP 2017 Audi RS3 Tested! |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/a15079146/2017-audi-rs3-test-review/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=Car and Driver |language=en-us}}</ref> In motorsport, the first car to use a straight-five engine was the [[Audi Quattro#Quattro - A1 and A2 evolutions|Audi Quattro]] rally car;<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3r114-3gRuAC&pg=PA12|page=12|title=Audi Quattro|author=Graham Robson|isbn=9781845841416|date=2008-06-15|publisher=Veloce Publishing }}</ref> other racing cars which used straight-five engines include the 1985-1986 [[Audi Quattro#Sport Quattro S1 E2|Audi Sport Quattro E2]] and the 1989 [[Audi 90#Motorsport|Audi 90 Quattro IMSA GTO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicdriver.com/de/article/audi-90-quattro-imsa-gto|title=Audi 90 quattro IMSA-GTO|website=www.classicdriver.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/car/1989/1588910/audi_90_quattro_imsa-gto.html|title=Detailed specs review of 1989 Audi 90 Quattro IMSA-GTO model for North America racing/rallye|website=www.automobile-catalog.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ableitet.no/mod/audi-90-imsa-gto_en.htm|title=ableitet.no - Audi 90 IMSA GTO|website=www.ableitet.no|access-date=2015-01-16|archive-date=2018-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518130920/http://www.ableitet.no/mod/audi-90-imsa-gto_en.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.speedhunters.com/2009/05/retrospective_gt_gt_quattro_firepower_the_imsa_audi_90_gto/|title=Retrospective>> Quattro Firepower: The Imsa Audi 90 Gto - Speedhunters|date=26 May 2009}}</ref> For the year 1987 factory team tested a 735&nbsp;kW (1000&nbsp;hp) version of the inline-5 powered Audi S1 Sport Quattro.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesmokingtire.com/2012/secret-rally-car-audi-group-s-prototype/ |title=Secret Rally Car: Audi Group S Prototype |access-date=2015-01-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118014134/http://www.thesmokingtire.com/2012/secret-rally-car-audi-group-s-prototype/ |archive-date=2015-01-18 }}</ref>

Several Volkswagen-branded straight-five engines have been produced, beginning with the [[List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines#1.9 R5 10v|Volkswagen WH/WN]] 1.9 litre 10v engine used in the 1981 Volkswagen Passat. The final Volkswagen straight-five petrol engine was the [[List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines#2.5 R5 20v (EA855)|Volkswagen EA855]] 2.5 litre 20v engine used in the North American Passat models until 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 Volkswagen Passat |url=https://www.cars.com/research/volkswagen-passat-2014/ |website=www.cars.com |access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref>

The [[Volvo Modular engine]] was introduced in the 1991 Volvo 850 sedan and was used in various Volvo models, along with the ''Ford Focus ST'' and ''Ford Focus RS'' models. All of the straight-five petrol engines used by Volvo and Ford were built at the Volvo Skövde engine plant in [[Skövde]], [[Sweden]], until their discontinuation in 2016.

Other straight-five petrol engines include
* 1989-1998 [[Honda G engine|Honda G-series]] 2.0-2.5 litre 20v engines
* 1995-2006 [[Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines|Fiat Family C]] 2.0-2.4 litre 20v engine
* 2004-2012 General Motors [[General Motors Atlas engine#L52 (Vortec 3500)|Vortec 3500]]/[[General Motors Atlas engine#LLR (Vortec 3700)|3700]] 3.5-3.7 litre 20v engines

In recent years the engine has been falling out of favour, with Volvo announcing in 2012 it would discontinue building them, for example.<ref>{{cite web |last=Herriott |first=Richard |date=21 August 2014 |title=Theme – Engines: Throbby, Thrummy Quints |url=http://driventowrite.com/2014/08/21/theme-of-the-month-engines-throbby-thrummy-quints/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625204019/https://driventowrite.com/2014/08/21/five-cylinder-engines/ |archive-date=2022-06-25 |website=Driven To Write}}</ref>