Editing Streamliner (section)

==== Japan ====
[[File:JGR C5343 hauling train.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1|A [[JNR Class C53|Japanese Governmental Railways class C53]] No.{{sp}}43 streamlined locomotive in 1934]]
The trend of streamliners also came to Japan. In 1934, the Ministry of Railways ([[Japanese Government Railways]], JGR) decided to convert one of its 3-cylinder steam locomotives [[JNR Class C53|class C53]] into a streamlined style. The selected locomotive was No.{{sp}}43 of class C53. However [[Hideo Shima]], the chief engineer of the conversion, thought streamlining had no practical effect on reducing air resistance, because Japanese trains at that time did not exceed a speed of {{cvt|62|mph|km/h|0}}.

Shima therefore designed the locomotive to create airflow that lifted exhaust smoke away from the locomotive. He had expected no practical effect on reducing air resistance completely, therefore he never tried to test fuel consumption or tractive force of the converted locomotive.<ref name = "shima">{{cite journal|first1=Hideo |last1=Shima |first2=Takao |last2=Takada |first3=Mitsuo |last3=Yoshimura |title=Three-way conversation on streamlined era |journal=The Railway Pictorial |issue=426 |date=January 1984 |pages=10–15 |language=ja}}</ref> The Japanese government planned to use this one converted streamline locomotive on the passenger express route between Osaka and Nagoya.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNsDAAAAMBAJ&q=Popular+Science+1936+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&pg=PA551 |page=551 |title=Fast Express Train in Japan Hauled by Streamline Engine |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=April 1936 |volume=65 |issue=4 |access-date=25 November 2014 |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517155511/https://books.google.com/books?id=lNsDAAAAMBAJ&q=Popular+Science+1936+plane+%22Popular+Mechanics%22&pg=PA551 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
The converted locomotive gained much popularity from the public. JGR therefore decided to build 21 new streamlined versions of the [[JNR Class C55|class C55 locomotive]]. Additionally, JGR built 3 streamlined [[JNR Class EF55|class EF55]] electric locomotives. Kiha-43000 diesel multiple units and [[52 series|Moha-52 electric multiple units]] also received a streamlined style.

The [[South Manchuria Railway]], which was under Japanese control at that time, also designed the [[China Railways SL7|Pashina class]] streamlined locomotive. The Railway operated the [[Asia Express]], whose style was coordinated with that of Pashina locomotives.<ref name = "shima" />

These streamlined steam locomotives took many man-hours to repair due to their casing. After the outbreak of [[World War II]], the lack of an experienced labor force made the problems worse. As a result, many of the locomotives had their casings removed.<ref name="shima" />