Editing Surf scoter (section)

=== Migration ===
Many migration routes have been observed, and the route choice of the surf scoter will depend on the latitude of its nesting site.<ref name="DeLaCruz">{{cite journal|last1=De La Cruz|first1=S. E. W.|last2=Takekawa|first2=J. Y.|last3=Wilson|first3=M. T.|last4=Nysewander|first4=D. R.|last5=Evenson|first5=J. R.|last6=Esler|first6=D.|last7=Boyd|first7=W. S.|last8=Ward|first8=D. H.|title=Spring migration routes and chronology of surf scoters (''Melanitta perspicillata''): a synthesis of Pacific coast studies|journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology|date=2009|volume=87|issue=11|pages=1069–1086|doi=10.1139/Z09-099|bibcode=2009CaJZ...87.1069D |s2cid=21198645}}</ref> The departure date of the birds may vary according to their wintering site, but the date of arrival and settling on the nesting site appear to be synchronous. This suggest that because of different factors such as the weather or varied foraging conditions, the individuals adjust their migration timing to meet an optimized reproductive schedule.
<ref name="DeLaCruz"/>
The ducks face very different environmental conditions depending on the location of their wintering grounds, which affect their migratory behavior. Higher proportions of males have been located in the northern part while more females and juveniles winter in the southernmost portion of the range.<ref name="Uher"/> In spring, males and females migrate together to their breeding area and they usually settle at their nesting sites less than a week after arrival.<ref name="Lesage"/>