Editing Surrogacy (section)

=== Embryo ===
The embryo implanted in gestational surrogacy faces the same risks as anyone using [[IVF]] would. Preimplantation risks of the embryo include unintentional epigenetic effects, influence of media which the embryo is cultured on, and undesirable consequences of invasive manipulation of the embryo. Often, multiple embryos are transferred to increase the chance of implantation, and if multiple gestations occur, both the surrogate and the embryos face higher risks of complications.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|last1=Simopoulou|first1=M.|last2=Sfakianoudis|first2=K.|last3=Tsioulou|first3=P.|last4=Rapani|first4=A.|last5=Anifandis|first5=G.|last6=Pantou|first6=A.|last7=Bolaris|first7=S.|last8=Bakas|first8=P.|last9=Deligeoroglou|first9=E.|date=2018-07-17|title=Risks in Surrogacy Considering the Embryo: From the Preimplantation to the Gestational and Neonatal Period|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2018|pages=6287507|doi=10.1155/2018/6287507|issn=2314-6133|pmc=6077588|pmid=30112409|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Children born through singleton IVF surrogacy have been shown to have no physical or mental abnormalities compared to those children born through natural conception. However, children born through multiple gestation in gestational carriers often result in preterm labor and delivery, resulting in prematurity and physical or mental anomalies.<ref name=":22" />