Editing Suspended animation (section)

=== Temperature-induced ===

Lowering the temperature of a substance reduces its chemical activity by the [[Arrhenius equation]]. This includes life processes such as metabolism. [[Cryonics]] could eventually provide long-term suspended animation.<ref name="Tandy C 2014">Tandy C (2014). The Prospect of Immortality − Fifty Years Later. Ria University Press, USA, {{ISBN|978-1-934297-21-6}}</ref>

==== Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation ====

[[Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation]] (EPR) is a way to slow the bodily processes that would lead to death in cases of severe injury.<ref name="Delbert-2019">{{Cite web|last=Delbert|first=Caroline|date=2019-11-20|title=Doctors Place Humans in True Suspended Animation for First Time|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/a29860656/first-human-trial-suspended-animation/|access-date=2020-09-29|website=Popular Mechanics|language=en-US}}</ref>  This involves lowering the body's temperature below {{convert|34|C|F}}, which is the current standard for [[therapeutic hypothermia]].<ref name="Delbert-2019" />

====Hypothermic experiments on animals====

In June 2005, scientists at the [[University of Pittsburgh]]'s Safar Center for Resuscitation Research announced they had managed to place [[dog]]s in suspended animation and bring them back to life, most of them without [[brain damage]], by draining the [[blood]] out of the dogs' bodies and injecting a low temperature solution into their [[circulatory system]]s, which in turn keeps the bodies alive in stasis. After three hours of being [[clinically dead]], the dogs' blood was returned to their circulatory systems, and the animals were revived by delivering an [[electric shock]] to their hearts. The heart started pumping the blood around the body, and the dogs were brought back to life.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/magazine/11ideas_section4-21.html | work=The New York Times | first=Stephen | last=Mihm | title=Zombie Dogs | date=11 December 2005}}</ref>

On 20 January 2006, doctors from the [[Massachusetts General Hospital]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] announced they had placed [[pig]]s in suspended animation with a similar technique. The pigs were [[Anesthesia|anaesthetized]] and major blood loss was induced, along with simulated - via scalpel - severe injuries (e.g. a punctured aorta as might happen in a car accident or shooting). After the pigs lost about half their blood the remaining blood was replaced with a chilled saline solution. As the body temperature reached {{convert|10|°C}} the damaged blood vessels were repaired and the blood was returned.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Does the rate of rewarming from profound hypothermic arrest influence the outcome in a swine model of lethal hemorrhage?|vauthors=Alam HB, Rhee P, Honma K, Chen H, Ayuste EC, Lin T, Toruno K, Mehrani T, Engel C, Chen Z |year=2006|issue=1|pmid=16456447 |doi=10.1097/01.ta.0000198469.95292.ec |volume=60 |journal=J Trauma |pages=134–146}}</ref> The method was tested 200 times with a 90% success rate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2006/01/20/1137553739997.html|title=Doctors claim suspended animation success|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=20 January 2006|access-date=10 October 2006}}</ref>