Editing TFT LCD (section)

===In-plane switching (IPS){{Anchor|IPS}}===
{{Main|IPS panel}}
[[IPS panel|In-plane switching]] (IPS) was developed by [[Hitachi]] in 1996 to improve on the poor viewing angle and the poor color reproduction of TN panels at that time.<ref name="tftcentral">{{cite web|title=TN Film, MVA, PVA and IPS - Panel Technologies|publisher=TFT Central|url=http://www.tftcentral.co.uk/articles/panel_technologies.htm|access-date=9 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="esportsource">{{cite web|title=IPS or TN panel?|publisher=eSport Source|url=https://www.esportsource.net/monitors/ips-tn-panel/|access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref> Its name comes from the main difference from TN panels, that the crystal molecules move parallel to the panel plane instead of perpendicular to it. This change reduces the amount of light scattering in the matrix, which gives IPS its characteristic wide viewing angles and good color reproduction.<ref name="philips">{{cite web|title=Enhanced Super IPS - Next Generation Image Quality|publisher=LG Display|url=http://www.tftcentral.co.uk/downloads/enhanced_s-ips.pdf|access-date=9 September 2009}}</ref>

Initial iterations of IPS technology were characterised by slow response time and a low contrast ratio but later revisions have made marked improvements to these shortcomings. Because of its wide viewing angle and accurate color reproduction (with almost no off-angle color shift), IPS is widely employed in high-end monitors aimed at professional graphic artists, although with the recent fall in price it has been seen in the mainstream market as well. IPS technology was sold to [[Panasonic]] by Hitachi.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:left;"
|+ Hitachi IPS technology development<ref>[http://www.ips-alpha.co.jp/en/technology/ips.html IPS-Pro (Evolving IPS technology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329145251/http://www.ips-alpha.co.jp/en/technology/ips.html |date=2010-03-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.barco.be/barcoview/downloads/IPS-Pro_LCD_technology.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-11-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115091442/http://www.barco.be/barcoview/downloads/IPS-Pro_LCD_technology.pdf |archive-date=2012-11-15 }}</ref>
|-
! style="width:12%;"|Name
!Nickname
!Year
! style="width:12%;"|Advantage
!Transmittance/<br />contrast ratio
!Remarks
|-
| Super TFT || IPS || 1996 || Wide viewing angle || 100/100<br />Base level || Most panels also support true [[24-bit color|8-bit per channel color]]. These improvements came at the cost of a higher response time, initially about 50&nbsp;ms. IPS panels were also extremely expensive.
|-
| Super-IPS || S-IPS || 1998 || Color shift free || 100/137 || IPS has since been superseded by '''S-IPS''' (Super-IPS, [[Hitachi]] in 1998), which has all the benefits of IPS technology with the addition of improved pixel refresh timing.{{quantify|date=September 2014}}
|-
| Advanced Super-IPS || AS-IPS || 2002 || High transmittance || 130/250 || AS-IPS, also developed by [[Hitachi]] in 2002, improves substantially{{quantify|date=September 2014}} on the contrast ratio of traditional S-IPS panels to the point where they are second only to some S-PVAs.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
|-
| IPS-Provectus || IPS-Pro || 2004 || High contrast ratio || 137/313 || The latest panel from IPS Alpha Technology with a wider color gamut{{quantify|date=September 2014}} and contrast ratio{{quantify|date=September 2014}} matching PVA and ASV displays without off-angle glowing.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
|-
| IPS alpha || IPS-Pro || 2008 || High contrast ratio ||  || Next generation of IPS-Pro
|-
| IPS alpha next gen || IPS-Pro || 2010 || High contrast ratio ||  || 
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:left;"
|+ LG IPS technology development
|-
! style="width:15%;"|Name
!Nickname
!Year
!Remarks
|-
|Horizontal IPS||H-IPS||2007||Improves{{quantify|date=January 2012}} contrast ratio by twisting electrode plane layout.  Also introduces an optional Advanced True White polarizing film from NEC, to make white look more natural{{quantify|date=January 2012}}. This is used in professional/photography LCDs.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}
|-
|Enhanced IPS||E-IPS||2009||Wider{{quantify|date=January 2012}} aperture for light transmission, enabling the use of lower-power, cheaper backlights.  Improves{{quantify|date=January 2012}} diagonal viewing angle and further reduce response time to 5ms.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}
|-
|Professional IPS||P-IPS||2010||Offer 1.07 billion colors (10-bit color depth).{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} More possible orientations per sub-pixel (1024 as opposed to 256) and produces a better{{quantify|date=January 2012}} true color depth.
|-
|Advanced High Performance IPS||AH-IPS||2011||Improved color accuracy, increased resolution and PPI, and greater light transmission for lower power consumption.<ref>{{cite web |author=tech2 News Staff |url=http://tech2.in.com/news/tablets/lg-announces-super-high-resolution-ahips-displays/219942 |title=LG Announces Super High Resolution AH-IPS Displays |publisher=Tech2.in.com |access-date=2013-07-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606135240/http://tech2.in.com/news/tablets/lg-announces-super-high-resolution-ahips-displays/219942 |archive-date=2013-06-06 }}</ref>
|}