Editing Table of contents (section)

=== In Islamic Civilization ===
With the flourishing of writing and scholarship during the Abbasid era (9th century CE), Muslim scholars began dividing their books into chapters and sections, often listed in the preface or at the beginning of each chapter. Notable examples include works by [[Avicenna]], [[al-Jahiz]], and [[Ibn al-Nadim]] in his encyclopedic ''[[Al-Fihrist]].'' [[Taha Hussein]] referred to this structure as a precursor to the modern table of contents: "Al-Jahiz would often include tentative headings for his chapters, offering readers a glimpse into the discussion—a primitive form of the contents page."<ref>Taha Hussein, ''Hadith al-Arbi'a’'', Vol. 1, p. 122.</ref>