Editing Tambov Rebellion (section)

== Consequences ==
As a result of the military operations against the rebels, around 6,000 of their fighters surrendered and were either shot or deported. The deportees were transferred from the local camps to special camps in the northern regions of Russia after the suppression of the uprising. These camps were otherwise reserved for officers of the [[White movement]] and captured insurgents from [[Kronstadt rebellion|Kronstadt]]. In these camps there was a particularly high mortality of prisoners compared to the rest of the camp system.{{sfn|Pipes|2011|p=404}} The devastation of the fighting and punitive measures, together with the Bolshevik agricultural policy, led to a [[Russian famine of 1921–1922|famine]] in the areas of the insurgents. In addition to Tambov, large parts of Russia were affected in the following two years.{{sfn|Werth|1999|pp=124, 137}}

Family members of the rebels were usually used as hostages, others were held at random{{Sfnm|1a1=Mayer|1y=2002|1p=396|2a1=Pipes|2y=1993|2p=404}} and in some cases entire villages were interned.{{Sfnm|1a1=Bookchin|1y=2008|1p=329|2a1=Figes|2y=1997|2p=768|3a1=Mayer|3y=2002|3p=398|4a1=Werth|4y=1998|4p=139}} Between 50,000{{Sfn|Werth|1998|p=139}} and 100,000 villagers{{Sfnm|1a1=Bookchin|1y=2008|1p=329|2a1=Figes|2y=2010|2p=836}} including some 1,000 children,{{sfn|Pipes|2011|p=404}} were interned in dedicated [[concentration camps]] in July 1921.{{Sfnm|1a1=Blunsom|1y=2013|1p=252|2a1=Mayer|2y=2002|2p=398}} There they suffered severely from [[cholera]] and [[typhus]] epidemics. The death rate is estimated to be around 15–20% per month for the fall of 1921.{{sfn|Werth|1999|p=134}} Relatively few were released or executed, "barely" 15,000 were shot.{{Sfnm|1a1=Bookchin|1y=2008|1p=329|2a1=Figes|2y=2010|2p=836|3a1=Pipes|3y=2011|3p=404}} However, mass executions of suspected villagers and prisoners were frequent in the villages.{{Sfn|Mayer|2002|p=396}}

Some villages were burned to the ground.{{Sfnm|1a1=Figes|1y=1997|1p=768|2a1=Mayer|2y=2002|2p=396}} The properties confiscated from the arrested and exiled families were given to supporters or collaborators of the regime.{{Sfnm|1a1=Landis|1y=2008|1p=215|2a1=Mayer|2y=2002|2p=395}} The activities of the Cheka, the incorporation of thousands of locals into the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] (with the benefits that it implied) and the concessions of the [[New Economic Policy]] helped the Bolsheviks in the spring of 1921 to defuse the situation, especially the end of grain requisitions.{{Sfnm|1a1=Chamberlin|1y=1965|1p=439|2a1=Landis|2y=2008|2p=215}}

The uprising made the Soviet leadership aware of its failure to manage relations with the peasants and is seen as one of the factors that prompted Lenin to initiate the [[New Economic Policy]]. The Russian sociologist and contemporary witness [[Pitirim Sorokin]] even concluded that the insurgents had forced the NEP by their actions.{{Sfn|Scheibert|1984|p=393}} The new policy relied more on a [[natural tax]] on actual production instead of on compulsory collection of agricultural products.{{sfn|Werth|1999|p=134}} In the military field it is mentioned that the Soviet Army Commander [[Mikhail Frunze]] was impressed by the guerillas' resistance to regular forces. He therefore began studying guerrilla tactics as a commander in the Red Army. This is regarded as a precondition of the [[Soviet partisans]]' strategy in their [[World War II]] campaign against the Nazi invasion.{{sfn|Pipes|2011|p=388}}