Editing Tank car (section)

==Specialized applications==
[[File:Pressure tank car compressed liquified gasses.png|thumb|Pressure tank car for compressed liquified gasses]]
===DOT-111===
{{main|DOT-111 tank car}}
The DOT-111 tank car, designed to carry liquids such as [[Denatured alcohol|denatured]] [[Ethanol fuel|fuel ethanol]], is built to a US standard. The design has been criticized on safety grounds.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=NTSB Office of Railroad, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/2012/cherry_valley/presentations/Hazardous%20Materials%20Board%20Presentation%20508%20Completed.pdf |title=DOT-111 Tank Car Design |first=Paul L. |last=Stancil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110050941/http://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/2012/cherry_valley/presentations/hazardous%20materials%20board%20presentation%20508%20completed.pdf  |archive-date=Nov 10, 2013}}</ref> The train in the [[Lac-Mégantic derailment]] of 2013 was made up of 72 of these cars.<ref name=radiocanada>{{cite web |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/estrie/2013/07/08/003-lac-megantic-denis-lebel-enquete.shtml |title=Lac-Mégantic : la sécurité du type de wagons déjà mise en cause |date=July 8, 2013 |publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|Radio-Canada]] |access-date=July 8, 2013 | language=fr}}</ref>

===DOT-112===

[[DOT-112 tank car]]s are used in North America to carry pressurized gases. One of these tank cars exploded in [[Waverly, Tennessee]], killing 16, when a [[Louisville & Nashville]] train derailed. While the clean up efforts were under way, the tank car, UTLX 83013, ended up exploding from a [[BLEVE]].

===DOT-114===

[[DOT-114 tank car]]s are used in North America to carry pressurized gases.

===Milk cars===
{{Main|Milk car|British railway milk tank wagon}}
[[File:BFIX 520 20050716 Illinois Railway Museum.JPG|right|thumb|A historical [[Milk car#Tank cars for bulk loading|milk tank car]] for bulk loading at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]].]]A milk car is a specialized type of tank car designed to carry raw [[milk]] between farms, [[creamery|creameries]], and processing plants.

Milk is now commonly chilled, before loading, and transported in a glass-lined tank car. Such tank cars are often [[placard]]ed as "Food service use only".

===Liquid hydrogen tank car===
{{main|Liquid hydrogen tank car}}
Tank cars of this type are designed to carry [[cryogenic]] [[liquid Hydrogen]] (LH<sub>2</sub>). North American cars are classified as DOT113, AAR204W, and AAR204XT<ref>[http://chemresponsetool.noaa.gov/containers_guide/railcar.htm NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration: Chemical Response Tool] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220162837/http://chemresponsetool.noaa.gov/containers_guide/railcar.htm |date=2008-12-20 }}</ref>

===Pickle cars===
A pickle car was a specialized type of tank car designed to carry [[Pickled cucumber|pickles]]. This car consisted of several wooden or metal vats (typically three or four) and was often roofed. Pickles which are preserved in salt brine were loaded through hatches in the roof.

===Tank containers===<!-- This section is linked from [[Containerization]] -->
[[File:Railroad car with container loads.jpg|thumb|Type of shipping containers mounted on a [[spine car]]: ''[[Tank container]]'' (left), and an [[Intermodal container|open-top shipping container]] with [[canvas]] cover (right)]]
{{Further|Tank container|Liquid hydrogen tanktainer}}
A tank container, also known as ISO tank, is a specialized type of [[Intermodal container|container]] designed to carry bulk liquids, such as chemicals, [[liquid hydrogen]], [[Industrial gas|gases]] and food grade products. Both hazardous and non hazardous products can be shipped in tank containers. A standard tank container is {{convert|20|ft|m|2}} long, {{convert|8|ft|m|2}} high and {{convert|8|ft|m|2}} wide. The tank, which is made from stainless steel, is held within a box-shaped frame with the same shape as an [[intermodal container]]. This allows it to be carried on multiple modes of transport, such as truck, rail and ship.
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===Torpedo car===
{{main|Ladle transfer car}}
[[File:Hattingen - Henrichshütte - Bahn 19 ies.jpg|thumb|Torpedo car]]<!-- torpedo wagon redirects here-->
A '''torpedo car''' or '''bottle car''' is a type of railroad car used in [[steel mill]]s to haul [[molten]] [[pig iron]] from the [[blast furnace]] to begin the process of primary [[steelmaking]].

The [[thermal insulation|thermally-insulated]] vessel is mounted on [[trunnion]]s, and designed to endure extremely high temperatures, as well as keeping the metal in a molten state over extended periods of time. The vessel can be pivoted along its longitudinal axis to empty the pig iron into a [[Ladle (foundry)|ladle]]. The name is derived from the vessel's resemblance to a [[torpedo]].
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===Vinegar cars===
[[File:Vinegar Car (20804352870).jpg|thumbnail|right|Wooden vinegar car, at the Toronto Railway Museum in [[Roundhouse Park]].]]
A vinegar car is a specialized type of tank car designed to transport [[vinegar]]. The largest such car built was built by [[Morrison Railway Supply Corporation]] <!-- [[Morrison Knudsen Corporation]]
 --> in 1968. The car's underframe included all of the modern facets of freight car design including [[roller bearing]] [[Bogie|trucks]] and cushioning devices built by FreightMaster, while the tank that rode on it, made of [[Douglas fir]], had a capacity of {{convert|17100|usgal|m3 impgal}}. The car, in what has been called 'the largest wooden tank car ever built', took 18 months to build.

The [[Reinhart Vinegar Car]] can be seen at the [[Toronto Harbourfront Museum]].<ref>[https://www.trha.ca/trha/?s=vinegar+car Vinegar car]</ref> 

Vinegar is now moved in ordinary tank cars lined with glass, plastic, or [[alloy steel]].<ref>{{cite journal| journal=Railway Age| date=October 28, 1968| title=Week at a glance: Vinegar by rail - in giant wooden tanks| page=11| volume=165| issue=17 }}</ref>
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==="Whale belly" cars===
In the early 1960s, the [[Union Tank Car Company]] introduced a series of "whale belly" tank cars which offered increased capacity. These cars carried from {{convert|33000|usgal|m3 impgal|0}} in CSOX #31084<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.northeast.railfan.net/images/csox31084.jpg|title=CSOX #31084|access-date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> to as much as {{convert|63000|usgal|m3 impgal|0}} in [[General American Transportation Corporation|GATX]] #96500, which had been conceived as a 'rolling experiment'. The largest tank car ever placed into regular service, [http://www.northeast.railfan.net/images/utlx83699.jpg UTLX #83699], was rated at {{convert|50000|usgal|m3 impgal|0}}. It entered service in 1963 and was used for over 20 years. GATX 96500 is now on display at the [[National Museum of Transportation]] in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]]. This car is {{convert|98|ft|m|2}} long, weighs {{convert|175000|lb|kg|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} empty and rides on four two-[[Wheelset (rail transport)|axle]] [[Bogie|trucks]] for weight distribution. It transported diverse substances, such as [[liquefied petroleum gas]] (LPG) and anhydrous [[ammonia]].
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