Editing Temporal bone (section)

== Clinical significance ==
'''Glomus jugulare tumor:'''
* A glomus jugulare tumor is a tumor of the part of the temporal bone in the skull that involves the middle and inner ear structures. This tumor can affect the ear, upper neck, base of the skull, and the surrounding blood vessels and nerves.
* A glomus jugulare tumor grows in the temporal bone of the skull, in an area called the jugular foramen. The jugular foramen is also where the jugular vein and several important nerves exit the skull.
* This area contains nerve fibers, called glomus bodies. Normally, these nerves respond to changes in body temperature or blood pressure.
* These tumors most often occur later in life, around age 60 or 70, but they can appear at any age. The cause of a glomus jugulare tumor is unknown. In most cases, there are no known risk factors. Glomus tumors have been associated with changes (mutations) in a gene responsible for the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDHD).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001634.htm|title=Glomus jugulare tumor: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sanei Taheri|first1=Morteza|last2=Zare Mehrjardi|first2=Mohammad|date=2016-07-21|title=Imaging of temporal bone lesions: developmental and inflammatory conditions|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315739529}}</ref>

=== Trauma ===
Temporal bone fractures were historically divided into three main categories, ''longitudinal'', in which the vertical axis of the fracture paralleled the petrous ridge, ''horizontal'', in which the axis of the fracture was perpendicular to the petrous ridge, and ''oblique'', a mixed type with both longitudinal and horizontal components. Horizontal fractures were thought to be associated with injuries to the [[facial nerve]], and longitudinal with injuries to the [[ossicles|middle ear ossicles]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brodie|first1=HA|last2=Thompson|first2=TC|title=Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures.|journal=The American Journal of Otology|date=March 1997|volume=18|issue=2|pages=188–97|pmid=9093676}}</ref>
More recently, delineation based on disruption of the [[otic capsule]] has been found as more reliable in predicting complications such as facial nerve injury, [[sensorineural hearing loss]], [[cerebral hemorrhage|intracerebral hemorrhage]], and [[cerebrospinal fluid]] [[otorrhea]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Little|first1=SC|last2=Kesser|first2=BW|title=Radiographic classification of temporal bone fractures: clinical predictability using a new system.|journal=Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery|date=December 2006|volume=132|issue=12|pages=1300–4|pmid=17178939|doi=10.1001/archotol.132.12.1300|doi-access=free}}</ref>