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Theremin
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=== Concert music === The first orchestral composition written for theremin was {{ill|Andrei Pashchenko|de|Andrei Filippowitsch Paschtschenko|ru|Пащенко, Андрей Филиппович|lt=Andrei Pashchenko's}} ''Symphonic Mystery'', which premiered in 1924.<ref>{{cite web |title=Good Vibrations: The Story of the Theremin|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/goodvibrations.shtml|date=21 October 2004|publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]]|access-date=5 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501151138/https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/factual/goodvibrations.shtml |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, most of the sheet music was lost after its second performance.<ref>{{cite web |title= |script-title=ru:Сегодня нужно становиться 'человеками эпохи Возрождения'|trans-title=Today we need to become 'Renaissance men'|url=https://whitehall.spbstu.ru/media/news/culture/segodnya-nuzhno-stanovitsya-chelovekami-epokhi-vozrozhdeniya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501151814/https://whitehall.spbstu.ru/media/news/culture/segodnya-nuzhno-stanovitsya-chelovekami-epokhi-vozrozhdeniya/ |archive-date=1 May 2022 |access-date=1 May 2022 |website=whitehall.spbstu.ru|publisher=Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University |language=ru}}</ref> Other concert composers who have written for theremin include [[Bohuslav Martinů]],<ref name="mr">{{Cite web|url=http://www.moderecords.com/catalog/076theremin.html|title=Lydia Kavina Music from the Ether|publisher=Mode Records|access-date=16 April 2010|archive-date=21 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121180658/http://www.moderecords.com/catalog/076theremin.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Percy Grainger]],<ref name="mr" /> [[Christian Wolff (composer)|Christian Wolff]],<ref name="mr" /> [[Joseph Schillinger]],<ref name="mr" /> [[Moritz Eggert]],<ref name="discogs">{{Discogs release|id=1025250|name=Barbara Buchholz / Lydia Kavina / Kammerensemble Neue Musik Berlin – Touch! Don't Touch! – Works for Theremin}}. [[WERGO]] 2014</ref> [[Iraida Yusupova]],<ref name="discogs" /> [[Jorge Antunes (composer)|Jorge Antunes]],<ref name="mr" /> Vladimir Komarov,<ref name="mr" /> [[Anis Fuleihan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Fuleihan-Anis.htm|title=Anis Fuleihan (Composer, Arranger)|date=2007-06-10|website=bach-cantatas.com|access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8019068--ionisation-1927-1945|title=''Ionisation 1927–1945'' (various artists)|publisher=Symposium|id=SYMPCD1253|access-date=2025-05-05|via=Presto Music}}</ref> and [[Fazıl Say]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carolinaeyck.com/theremin-and-orchestra|title=Theremin and Orchestra|website=[[Carolina Eyck]]|access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref> [[Edgard Varèse]] completed the composition "Equatorial" for two theremin cellos and percussion in 1934. His work was a stated influence throughout the career of [[Frank Zappa]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schröder |first1=Daniel |title=Frank Zappa – the Composer |publisher=Büchner-Verlag |year=2017 |isbn=9783941310865 |location=Marburg}}</ref> who also composed for theremin.<ref name=Hayward>{{cite journal |last1=Hayward |first1=Philip |title=Danger! Retro-Affectivity! The Cultural Career of the Theremin |journal=[[Convergence (journal)|Convergence]]|date=1997 |volume=3 |issue=4 |page=42 |doi=10.1177/135485659700300405 |s2cid=144683752}}</ref> Maverick composer Percy Grainger chose to use ensembles of four or six theremins (in preference to a string quartet) for his two earliest experimental ''Free Music'' compositions (1935–1937) because of the instrument's complete 'gliding' freedom of pitch.<ref>Gillies, Malcolm; Pear, David (2007–2011). [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/11596 'Grainger, Percy']. In ''Grove Music Online''. Oxford Music Online. Retrieved 2011-09-21.{{Subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Thomas P. |title=A source guide to the music of Percy Grainger |publisher=Pro-Am Music Resources |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-912483-56-6 |location=White Plains |chapter=Chapter 4: Program notes |chapter-url=http://www.percygrainger.org/prognot4.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812160926/http://www.percygrainger.org/prognot4.htm |archive-date=2020-08-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Musician [[Jean-Michel Jarre]] used the instrument in his concerts [[List of Jean-Michel Jarre concerts#Oxygen in Moscow|Oxygène in Moscow]] in 1997 and [[Space of Freedom]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/gdansk-2005 |title=Gdansk – 2005 |publisher=Jeanmicheljarre.com |date=2009-05-20 |access-date=2012-03-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224102550/http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/gdansk-2005 |archive-date=2012-02-24 }}</ref> in [[Gdańsk]] in 2005, providing also a short history of Leon Theremin's life. The five-piece [[Spaghetti Western Orchestra]] use a theremin as a replacement for Edda Dell'Orso's vocals in their interpretation of [[Ennio Morricone]]'s "Once Upon a Time in the West".<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Proms Review: Spaghetti Western Orchestra|url=http://www.i-flicks.net/blog/49-features/2686-bbc-proms-review-spaghetti-western-orchestra|publisher=i-flicks.net|access-date=14 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028194909/http://www.i-flicks.net/blog/49-features/2686-bbc-proms-review-spaghetti-western-orchestra|archive-date=2012-10-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> A large-scale theremin concerto is [[Kalevi Aho]]'s Concerto for Theremin and Chamber Orchestra "Eight Seasons" (2011), written for [[Carolina Eyck]].<ref>[https://www.carolinaeyck.com/kalevi-aho "Kalevi Aho: 'Eight Seasons' – Concerto for Theremin and Chamber Orchestra (2011)"], carolinaeyck.com</ref> Other notable contemporary theremin players include [[Pamelia Kurstin]],<ref>{{AllMusic|title=Pamela Kurstin|class=artist|id=mn0000956094|author=Steve Leggett}}</ref> [[Peter Theremin]], [[Natasha Theremin]], [[Katica Illényi]].<ref name="Katica Illenyi">{{Cite web|last1=Katica Illenyi|title=All-Metal-Stars|url=http://www.vivaldimetalproject.com/katica-illenyi-theremin/|publisher=Vivaldi Metal Project|access-date=14 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215021446/http://www.vivaldimetalproject.com/katica-illenyi-theremin/|archive-date=2017-02-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Lydia Kavina]],<ref name="Kavina">{{AllMusic|title=Lydia Kavina Biography|class=artist|id=mn0000028785}}</ref> Dutch classical musician [[Thorwald Jørgensen]] has been described as "one of the most important exponents of classical music on the theremin".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radio.uchile.cl/2014/11/06/el-instrumento-que-no-se-toca-tiene-su-propio-festival-en-gam/|title=El instrumento que no se toca tiene su propio festival en GAM|trans-title=The instrument that is not played has its own festival at [[Centro Cultural Gabriela Mistral|GAM]]|work=Diario Uchile|language=es|publisher=Radio of [[University of Chile]]|date=6 November 2014|access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref> Carolina Eyck started playing the theremin at the age of seven and published the book ''The Art of Playing the Theremin'' in English and German when she was 19{{sfn|Eyck|2006}} and has since played with chamber and symphony orchestras in many countries. In 2019 in Kobe, Japan, the Matryomin ensemble, a group of 289 theremin players that included Natasha Theremin, Masha Theremin and Peter Theremin, the daughter, granddaughter and great-grandson of the inventor, achieved a [[Guinness world record]] as the largest ensemble of the instrument. The name ''Matryomin'' is a [[portmanteau]] by its inventor of the words ''[[matryoshka]]'' and ''theremin''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nakamura |first=Kayoko |title=Electronic Rhapsody: Theremin and Matryomin |publisher=CUNY Academic Works |page=5 |year=2018 |location=New York |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/261 |access-date=2024-03-26}}</ref> The theremin concerto "Dancefloor With Pulsing" by the French composer [[Régis Campo]] was written for [[Carolina Eyck]] and premiered with the [[Brussels Philharmonic]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brussels Philharmonic plays Zorn, Zappa, Campo & Constant (Openingsconcert) |url=https://www.arsmusica.be/nl/events/brussels-philharmonic-plays-zorn-zappa-campo-constant-openingsconcert/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410104319/https://www.arsmusica.be/nl/events/brussels-philharmonic-plays-zorn-zappa-campo-constant-openingsconcert/ |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=31 May 2019 |website=A. R. S. Musica}}</ref>
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