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Third plague pandemic
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==Medical procedures implemented by new international health communities== In the early 1900s, despite the increasing knowledge of germ theory and the rapid growth of scientific communities around the prevention of major disease, there was little the international communities could do other than create standard protocols for how to deal with an outbreak of the plague.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Echenberg|first=Myron|date=2002|title=Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894-1901|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20078978|journal=Journal of World History|volume=13|issue=2|pages=429β449|doi=10.1353/jwh.2002.0033|jstor=20078978|pmid=20712094|s2cid=45975258 |issn=1045-6007|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 1897 and 1903, two conventions were held known as International Sanitary Conferences; the first in Venice and the second in Paris, to help deal with threat of the new outbreaks of the bubonic plague. From these conventions was formed an international disease convention supervised by the Office International d'Hygiene Publique (OIHP) in Paris which would be one of the major predecessors of the League of Nations health organization.<ref name=":0" /> From these conventions came the standard Protocols used in dealing with the bubonic plague throughout the early 1900s.<ref name=":0" /> These protocols were often old fashioned and were generally summarized as the 3 "I's": Isolation, Incineration, and Inoculation. Isolation is a standard protocol of many modern disease outbreaks, but the usage of incineration was a protocol of disease control used most uniquely for dealing with the bubonic plague.<ref name=":0" /> Burning was used often to deal with the Plague as it was believed to be the most effective way to eliminate strains of the disease from places inhabited by the infected.<ref name=":0" /> But it was also a problematic technique as it led to the creation of many out-of-control fires that devastated communities, the most notable being the great fire in Honolulu which devastated the Chinatown community there.<ref name=":0" /> Inoculation was the usage of newly invented plague vaccines, with some in India being recorded to have an efficacy of over 50%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hawgood|first=Barbara J|date=2007-02-01|title=Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860β1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India|url=https://doi.org/10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-59|journal=Journal of Medical Biography|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|pages=9β19|doi=10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-59|pmid=17356724|s2cid=42075270 |issn=0967-7720|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
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