Editing Timeline of Christianity (section)

==Ante-Nicene period==
{{Main|Christianity in the ante-Nicene period}}
*100–150? [[Apocryphon of James]], [[Gospel of Mary Magdalene]], [[Gospel of James]], [[Infancy Gospel of Thomas]], [[Secret Gospel of Mark]] (''Complete Gospels'', published by [[Jesus Seminar]])
*110–130? [[Papias of Hierapolis|Papias]], bishop of [[Pamukkale|Hierapolis]], writes "Expositions of the Sayings of the Lord", lost, widely quoted (Apostolic Fathers)
* 110 [[Ignatius of Antioch]] writes to the Smyrnaeans that the Christian church is ''katholikos'' ("universal"){{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
*110–160? [[Polycarp]], bishop of [[İzmir|Smyrna]], [[Polycarp's letter to the Philippians|Letter to the Philippians]], (Apostolic Fathers)
* 112 [[Pliny the Younger|Pliny]] reports rapid growth of Christianity in [[Bithynia]]<ref>Neill, p. 28</ref> 
*120? [[Tarfon|Rabbi Tarfon]] advocates burning the Gospels<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=66&letter=T Jewish Encyclopedia: Tarfon]: "R. Ṭarfon was extremely bitter against those Jews who had been converted to the new faith; and he swore that he would burn every book of theirs which should fall into his hands (Shab. 116a), his feeling being so intense that he had no scruples against destroying the Gospels, [[Tetragrammaton in the New Testament|although the name of God occurred frequently in them]]."</ref>
* 125(+/-5)? [[2 Peter]] written, not accepted into canon until early 400s, drew upon Epistle of Jude, "catholic" epistle, [[Pastoral Epistles]] written
*125? [[Rylands Library Papyrus P52]], oldest extant NT fragment, p.&nbsp;1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38
*130–250? "Christian Apologists" writings against [[Religion in ancient Rome|Roman religion]]: [[Justin Martyr]], [[Athenagoras of Athens|Athenagoras]], [[Apology of Aristides]], [[Theophilus of Antioch]], [[Tatian]], [[Quadratus (apostle)|Quadratus]], [[Melito of Sardis]], [[Apollinaris Claudius]], [[Marcus Minucius Felix]], [[Arnobius]], [[Epistle to Diognetus]]
*132–135 [[Bar Kokhba's revolt]]: final Jewish revolt.  Jerusalem renamed [[Aelia Capitolina]] .
*142–144? [[Marcion of Sinope]]: bishop according to ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'', goes to Rome, possibly to [[Simony|buy the bishopric of Rome]], upon rejection forms his own church in Rome, later called [[Marcionism]], rejected Old Testament, decreed [[Biblical canon|canon]] of one [[Gospel of Marcion|Gospel]], one ''Apostolicon'' (10 Letters of Paul) and one ''Antithesis''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gnosis.org/library/marcion/antithes.htm|title=ANTITHESIS|access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> which contrasted the Old Testament with the [[New Testament]], cited [[Western text-type]], see also [[Expounding of the Law#Antithesis of the Law]]
*150? "Western Revisor" adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce [[Western text-type|Western]] version which is 10% larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and [[Codex Bezae]] (D)
* 150 Gospel reaches [[Portugal]] and [[Morocco]]<ref name="Barrett, p. 23"/> 
*150? [[Valentinius]] (most famous Christian [[Gnostic]], according to [[Tertullian]]) narrowly loses election for Bishop of Rome
*150(+/-10)? ''[[The Shepherd of Hermas]]'', written in Rome (Apostolic Fathers)
*150–200? Other Gospels: [[Gospel of the Saviour]], [[Gospel of Peter]], [[Oxyrhynchus Gospels]], [[Dialogue of the Saviour]]
*155? [[Montanus]] claims to be the [[Paraclete]] ("Counselor") of {{Bibleverse||John|14:16}}
*160? [[Martyrdom of Polycarp]] (Apostolic Fathers)
* 166 [[Pope Soter|Bishop Soter]] writes that the number of Christians has surpassed the [[Jews]]<ref>Neill, p. 30</ref> 
* 167 At the request of [[Lucius of Britain]], missionaries Fuganus (or Phagan) and Duvianus (or Deruvian) were sent by [[Pope Eleuterus]] to convert the Britons to Christianity<ref>Ingram, James. ''The Saxon chronicle with an English translation and notes, critical and explanatory'', 1823, p. 10</ref> 
*170? [[Dionysius, bishop of Corinth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05010a.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Dionysius |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> claimed Christians were changing and faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels<ref>[http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-09.htm#P2227_1055358 Eusebius' EH 4] c.23 v.12</ref><ref>[[Ante-Nicene Fathers (book)|Ante-Nicene Fathers]], v.8</ref>
*170? [[Tatian]] produces "[[Diatessaron]]" (Harmony) by blending 4 "Western" text-type Gospels into 1
*170? [[Symmachus the Ebionite]] writes new Greek translation of [[Hebrew Bible]]
* 174 First Christians reported in [[Austria]]<ref name="Barrett, p. 23">Barrett, p. 23</ref>
*177 [[Persecution in Lyon]], martyrdom of [[Blandina]]
*180? [[Hegesippus (chronicler)|Hegesippus]]
*180–202? [[Irenaeus]], [[Bishop of Lyon]]: combated heresies, cited "Western" Gospel text-type (Ante-Nicene Fathers); second "Primate of the Gauls"
*185–350? [[Muratorian fragment]], 1st extant canon for New Testament after Marcion?, written in Rome by [[Hippolytus of Rome|Hippolytus]]?, excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3 John; includes [[Wisdom of Solomon]], [[Apocalypse of Peter]]
*186? [[Saint Apollonius]]: used the term ''catholic'' in reference to 1 John
*188–231 [[Saint Demetrius]]: bishop of Alexandria, condemned [[Origen]]
*189–198 [[Pope Victor I]]: 1st [[Latin]] Pope, excommunicated Eastern churches that continued to observe Easter on Nisan 14 [[Quartodeciman]]
* 190 Pataenus of Alexandria goes to India in response to an appeal for Christian teachers<ref>Glover, 20</ref> 
*196? [[Polycrates of Ephesus|Polycrates]], bishop of Ephesus (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
* 196 [[Bar Daisan]] writes of Christians among the [[Parthia]]ns, [[Bactria]]ns (Kushans), and other peoples in the [[Parthian Empire|Persian Empire]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Church of the East Timeline |url=http://www.oxuscom.com/timeline.htm |last=Dickens|first=Mark |website=www.oxuscomb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426201817/http://www.oxuscom.com/timeline.htm |archive-date=April 26, 2014 |access-date=May 14, 2020}}</ref>
* 197 [[Tertullian]] writes that Christianity had penetrated all ranks of society in North Africa<ref>Herbermann, p. 385</ref> 
*199–217? Caius,<ref>{{cite web |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Caius (3rd Century) |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=12 November 2024}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-05/anf05-133.htm#P9935_3091359ANF05. Fathers of the Third Century: Hippolytus, Cyprian, Ca...] www.ccel.org</ref> [[presbyter]] of Rome, wrote "Dialogue against Proclus" in ''[[Ante-Nicene Fathers (book)|Ante-Nicene Fathers]]'', rejected [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]], said to be by Gnostic [[Cerinthus]]; see also [[Alogi]]
*199–217? Caius,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03144a.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Caius (3rd Century) |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-05/anf05-133.htm#P9935_3091359 |title=ANF05. Fathers of the Third Century: Hippolytus, Cyprian, Caius, Novatian, Appendix |website=www.ccel.org |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> [[presbyter]] of Rome, wrote "Dialogue against Proclus" in [[Ante-Nicene Fathers]], rejected [[Revelation]], said to be by Gnostic [[Cerinthus]], see also [[Alogi]]
* 200 First Christians are reported in [[Switzerland]] and [[Belgium]]<ref name="Barrett, p. 23"/> 
*200? [[Papyrus 46]]: 2nd [[Chester Beatty]], [[Alexandrian text-type]]; Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types; Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14–15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus; 200? Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8; Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15; 5:20-22,25-28; 26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-33
*200? [[Sextus Julius Africanus]]
*200? [[Antipope]] Natalius,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10448a.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Monarchians |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> rival bishop of Rome, according to [[Eusebius]]'s EH5.28.8-12, quoting the ''Little Labyrinth'' of Hippolytus, after being "[[scourge]]d all night by the holy angels", covered in ash, dressed in [[sackcloth]], and "after some difficulty", tearfully submitted to [[Pope Zephyrinus]]
* 202 Roman Emperor [[Septimius Severus|Severus]] issues an edict forbidding conversion to Christianity<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. I, 145</ref>
* 206 [[Abgar]], King of [[Osroene|Edessa]], embraces the Christian faith<ref>Herbermann, p. 282</ref>
* 208 [[Tertullian]] writes that Christ has followers on the far side of the [[Hadrian's Wall|Roman wall in Britain]] where Roman legions have not yet penetrated<ref>Neill, p. 31</ref>
*217–236 Antipope Hippolytus, ''Logos'' sect? Later dispute settled and considered [[martyr]], Roman canon
*218–258 [[Cyprian]], Bishop of [[Carthage]], cited "Western" NT text-type, claimed Christians were freely forging his letters to discredit him (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*220? [[Clement of Alexandria]], cited "Alexandrian" NT text-type & [[Secret Gospel of Mark]] & [[Greek Gospel of the Egyptians|Gospel of the Egyptians]]; wrote "Exhortations to the Greeks"; "Rich Man's Salutation"; "To the Newly Baptized"; (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*220?–340? [[Codex Tchacos]], manuscript containing a copy of the [[Gospel of Judas]], is written
*223? [[Tertullian]]: sometimes called "father of the Latin Church", because he coined [[trinity|trinitas]], tres [[Persona]]e, [[Consubstantial|una Substantia]], [[Old Testament|Vetus Testamentum]], Novum Testamentum, convert to [[Montanism]], cited "Western" Gospel text-type (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*225? [[Papyrus 45]]: 1st [[Chester Beatty Papyri]], Gospels ([[Caesarean text-type]], mixed), Acts (Alexandrian text-type)
*235–238 [[Maximinus Thrax]]: emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deporting [[Pope Pontian]] and Antipope Hippolytus to [[Sardinia]], where they soon die
* 241 [[Mani (prophet)|Mani]] begins to preach in [[Al-Mada'in|Seleucia-Ctesiphon]] in what is now [[Iraq]]<ref>{{cite web |title=timeline |url=http://www.oxuscom.com/timeline.htm |website=www.oxuscom.com}}</ref>
*248–264 [[Dionysius of Alexandria|Dionysius]], [[Patriarch of Alexandria]] see also [[List of Patriarchs of Alexandria]]
* 250 [[Saint Denis of Paris|Denis]] (or Denys or Dionysius) is sent from [[Rome]] along with six other missionaries to establish the church in [[Paris]]<ref>Herbermann, p. 481</ref>
*250? [[Apostolic Constitutions]], [[Liturgy of St James]], [[Old Roman Symbol]], [[Clementine literature]]
*250? Letters of [[Methodius of Olympus|Methodius]], [[Pistis Sophia]], [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry Tyrius]], [[Commodianus]] (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
*250? Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity of Mary; 3Cor; ''[[Odes of Solomon]]'' 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover; Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18
*250? [[Origen]], [[ousios|Jesus and God one substance]], adopted at [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325, compiled [[Hexapla]]; cites Alexandrian, [[Caesarean text-type]]; [[Eusebius]] claimed Origen castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 (EH6.8.1-3)
*251–424? [[Synods of Carthage]]
*251–258 [[Antipope Novatian]] decreed no forgiveness for sins after [[baptism]] (An antipope was an individual whose claim to the papacy was either rejected by the Church at the time or later recognized as invalid.)<ref>Richard McBrien ''The Church'' (New York: HarperOne, 2008) 390</ref>
*254–257 [[Pope Stephen I]]: major [[Schism (religion)|schism]] over rebaptizing [[heretics]] and [[apostates]]
*258 "[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]'s Massacre": Roman emperor issues edict to execute immediately all Christian Bishops, Presbyters, and Deacons, including [[Pope Sixtus II]], [[Antipope Novatian]], [[Cyprian of Carthage]] ([http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15256b.htm CE: Valerian], [http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/history/2_ch02.htm Schaff's History Vol 2 Chap 2] § 22)
*264–269 [[Synods of Antioch]]: condemned [[Paul of Samosata]], Bishop of Antioch, founder of [[Adoptionism]] (Jesus was human until the Holy Spirit descended at his baptism), also condemned term [[ousios|homoousios]] adopted at Nicaea
*265 [[Gregory Thaumaturgus]] (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
* 270 Death of [[Gregory Thaumaturgus]], Christian leader in Pontus. It was said that when Gregory became "bishop" there were only 17 Christians in Pontus while at his death thirty years later there were only 17 non-Christians.<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. I, p. 89</ref>
*270? [[Anthony the Great|Anthony]] begins monastic movement
*275? Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rev9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-17:2
*276 [[Mani (prophet)]], crucified, founder of the dualistic [[Manichaean]] sect in [[Persia]]
* 280 First rural churches emerge in northern Italy; Christianity is no longer exclusively in urban areas
*282–300? [[Theonas of Alexandria|Theonas]], bishop of Alexandria (Ante-Nicene Fathers)
* 287 Maurice from [[Egypt]] is killed at Agauno, [[Switzerland]] for refusing to sacrifice to pagan divinities<ref>Walsh, Martin de Porres. ''The Ancient Black Christians'', Julian Richardson Associates, 1969, p. 5</ref>
*290–345? [[St Pachomius]], founder of [[Christian monasticism]]
*296–304 [[Pope Marcellinus]], offered pagan sacrifices for Diocletian, later repented. Name in Martyrology of [[Bede]]
* 300 First Christians reported in [[Greater Khorasan]]; an estimated 10% of the world's population is now Christian; parts of the [[Bible]] are available in 10 different languages<ref>Barrett, p. 24</ref>
*301 – [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] is the first kingdom in history to adopt Christianity as state religion
*303–312 [[Diocletian Persecution|Diocletian's Massacre]] of Christians, includes burning of scriptures ([http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.xiii.iii.html EH 8.2])
*303 [[Saint George]], patron saint of Georgia, England and other states
*304? [[Victorinus of Pettau|Victorinus]], bishop of [[Ptuj|Pettau]]
*304? [[Pope Marcellinus]], having repented from his previous defection, suffers martyrdom with several companions
*306 [[Synod of Elvira]] prohibits relations between Christians and Jews
*310 [[Maxentius]] deports [[Pope Eusebius]] and Heraclius<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001b.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lapsi |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05615b.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Eusebius |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> to Sicily (relapse controversy)
*312 [[Lucian of Antioch]], founder of [[School of Antioch]], martyred
*312 [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge#Vision of Constantine|Vision of Constantine]]: while gazing into the sun he sees a [[cross]] with the words [[In hoc signo vinces|by this sign conquer]], see also [[Labarum]], he was later called the ''13th Apostle'' and [[Equal-to-apostles]]
*313 [[Edict of Milan]]: Constantine and [[Licinius]] end persecution, establish toleration of Christianity
*313? [[Lateran Palace]] given to [[Pope Miltiades]] for residence by Constantine
*313? Traditional date for founding of the [[Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre]]
*314 King [[Urnayr]] of [[Caucasian Albania]] adopts Christianity as official religion
*314 Catholic [[Council of Arles (314)|Council of Arles]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01727b.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Synods of Arles |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref> called by Constantine against [[Donatist]] schism to confirm the [[Council of Rome]] in 313
*314–340? [[Eusebius of Caesarea|Eusebius]], bishop of Caesarea, church historian, cited [[Caesarean text-type]], wrote ''[[Church History (Eusebius)|Ecclesiastical History]]'' in 325<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf201.iii.i.html |title=NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine |website=www.ccel.org |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref>
*317? [[Lactantius]]
*321 Constantine decrees Sunday as state "day of rest" ([[Corpus Iuris Civilis#Codex Justinianus|CJ]]3.12.2), see also [[Sol Invictus]]