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Tironian notes
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===Introduction=== There are no surviving copies of Tiro's original manual and code, so knowledge of it is based on biographical records and copies of Tironian tables from the [[medieval period]].<ref name="DiRenzo" /> Historians typically date the invention of Tiro's system as 63 BC, when it was first used in official government business according to [[Plutarch]] in his biography of [[Cato the Younger]] in ''The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Administrative Slavery in the Ancient Roman Republic: The Value of Marcus Tullius Tiro in Ciceronian Rhetoric |first=Zach |last=Bankston |journal=Rhetoric Review |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=203β218 |date=2012 |doi=10.1080/07350198.2012.683991 |s2cid=145385697}}</ref> Before Tiro's system was institutionalized, he used it himself as he was developing and fine-tuning it, which historians suspect may have been as early as 75 BC, when Cicero held public office in [[Sicily (Roman province)|Sicily]] and needed his notes and correspondences to be written in code to protect sensitive information he gathered about corruption among other government officials there.<ref name="DiRenzo" /> There is evidence that Tiro taught his system to Cicero and his other scribes, and possibly to his friends and family, before it came into wide use. In "Life of Cato the Younger", [[Plutarch]] wrote that during Senate hearings in {{no wrap|65 BC}} relating to the [[first Catilinarian conspiracy]], Tiro and Cicero's other secretaries were in the audience meticulously and rapidly transcribing Cicero's oration. On many of the oldest Tironian tables, lines from this speech were frequently used as examples, leading scholars to theorize it was originally transcribed using Tironian shorthand. Scholars also believe that in preparation for speeches, Tiro drafted outlines in shorthand that Cicero used as notes while speaking.<ref name="DiRenzo" />
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