Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Tisha B'Av
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==Laws and customs== [[File:Woodcut tisha b'av.png|thumb|Tisha b'Av (1657 woodcut)]] Tisha B'Av falls in July or August in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. When Tisha B'Av falls on [[Shabbat]] (the Sabbath), it then is {{transliteration|he|nidche}} ("delayed" in Hebrew). Thus the observance of Tisha B'Av can take place on the following day (that is, Sunday). This last occurred in 2022, and will next occur in 2029. No mourning can intrude upon the Sabbath. Normally Sabbath eating and drinking ends just before sunset Saturday evening, rather than nightfall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aish.com/h/9av/oal/48964976.html|title=When Tisha B'Av falls on Shabbat or Sunday|date=14 June 2004}}</ref> This fast lasts just over 25 hours, beginning at sunset on the preceding evening, lasting until nightfall the next day. Pleasurable activities are forbidden.<ref name="ohr.edu">{{cite web|url=https://ohr.edu/1098|title=The Laws of Tisha B'Av |author=Rabbi Yirmiyahu Ullman}}</ref> ===Main prohibitions=== ''Tisha B'Av'' bears a stringent nature alike that of [[Yom Kippur]]. The length of a fast that lasts over 25 hours, beginning before sunset on the eve of Tisha B'Av and ends at nightfall the following day, Tisha B'Av mandates the following five prohibitions:<ref>[[Shulchan Aruch]] Orach Chaim 650:2</ref> #No eating or drinking; #No washing or bathing; #No application of creams or oils; #No wearing of (leather) shoes; #No marital (sexual) relations. These restrictions are waived in the case of health issues. A competent [[posek]], a rabbi who decides [[Halakha|Jewish Law]], must be consulted. Those who are ill will be allowed to eat and drink. On other fast days, almost any medical condition can justify breaking the fast; in practice, consultation with a [[rabbi]] is best.<ref name="ohr.edu" /> [[Ritual washing in Judaism|Ritual hand washing]] up to the knuckles is permitted. Washing to cleanse dirt or mud from one's body is also permitted.<ref name="ohr.edu" /> ===Additional customs=== [[File:PikiWiki Israel 3434 9 av kotel.JPG|thumb|200px| Reading ''kinnot'' at the Western Wall]] [[Torah study]] is forbidden on Tisha B'Av (as it is considered an enjoyable activity), except for the study of distressing texts such as the [[Book of Lamentations]], the [[Book of Job]], portions of [[Book of Jeremiah|Jeremiah]] and chapters of the [[Talmud]] that discuss the laws of mourning and those that discuss the destruction of the [[Temple in Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Joseph ben Ephraim Karo|author-link=Joseph ben Ephraim Karo|title=''Shulchan Aruch'', Orach Chayim, Siman 554.|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Shulchan_Arukh%2C_Orach_Chayim.554?lang=en|access-date=30 July 2020|quote=Tisha b'Av is forbidden for washing, anointing, wearing leather shoes, and marital relations. It is also forbidden to read from the [[Torah]], [[Nevi'im]] (Prophets), and [[Ketuvim]] (Writings) and to learn [[mishna]] and [[midrash]] and [[gemara]] and [[halacha]] and [[aggada]], because it says, "The precepts of God are right, gladdening the heart" ([[Psalm 19|Tehillim 19:9]]). Schoolchildren are idle on it. One may read [[Book of Job|Iyov]] and the negative passages in [[Book of Jeremiah|Yirmiyah]], but if there are between them passages of consolation, one must skip them.}}</ref><ref name="donin">{{cite book | last = Donin | first = Hayim Halevy | year = 1991 | title = To Be a Jew | publisher = Basic Books | isbn = 0-465-08632-2 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/tobejewguideto000doni/page/264 264] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/tobejewguideto000doni }}</ref> In [[synagogue]], prior to the commencement of the evening services, the [[parochet]], which normally covers and adorns the [[Torah ark]], is removed or drawn aside until the [[Mincha]] prayer service.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=11 August 2019|title=Fallen Glory - The Message of Tisha B'Av β’ Torah.org|date=10 October 2016|url=https://torah.org/learning/integrity-fallenglory/}}</ref> [[Spanish and Portuguese Jews]], who do not hang a curtain in front of the ark during the rest of the year, place a black curtain over the ark for tisha b'av.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dobrinsky |first=Herbert C. |title=A treasury of Sephardic laws and customs: the ritual practices of Syrian, Moroccan, Judeo-Spanish and Spanish and Portuguese Jews of North America |publisher=Yeshiva University Ktav |location=Hoboken, N.J |year=1986 |isbn=0-88125-032-5 |edition=2nd |pages=306 |language=English}}</ref> According to [[Moses Isserles]], it is customary to sit on low stools or on the floor, as is done during [[Shiva (Judaism)|shiva]] (the first week of mourning), from the meal immediately before the fast (the [[Seudah#Seudah HaMafseket|seudah hamafseket]]) until [[Zmanim#Midday|midday (chatzot hayom)]] of the fast itself. It is customary to eat a hard-boiled egg dipped in ashes and a piece of bread dipped into ashes during this pre-fast meal. The [[Beit Yosef (book)|''Beit Yosef'']] rules that the custom to sit low to the ground extends past mid-day until one prays [[Mincha]] (the afternoon prayer).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Selected Halachos of the Days of Tisha B'Av {{!}} Beit Midrash {{!}} Torah Lessons {{!}} yeshiva.co|url=https://www.yeshiva.co/midrash/6869|access-date=29 July 2020|website=Yeshiva Site|language=en}}</ref> The custom is to dim the lighting and to read the [[kinnot]] by candlelight. Some sleep on the floor or modify their normal sleeping routine, for instance, by sleeping without a pillow (or with one fewer pillow than usual). People refrain from greeting each other or sending gifts on this day. Old [[siddur]]im and [[Torah scroll]]s are often buried on this day.<ref name="ohr.edu" /> The custom is to not put on [[tefillin]] nor [[tallit]] for [[Shacharit]] services. Men wear only the [[tallit katan]] without a blessing. At mincha services, tzitzit and tefilin are worn, with proper blessings before donning them.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Joseph ben Ephraim Karo|author-link=Joseph ben Ephraim Karo|title=Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/555|url=https://en.wikisource.org/?curid=57353|access-date=18 April 2016}}</ref> ===End of fast=== Although the fast ends at nightfall, according to tradition the [[Solomon's Temple|First Temple]] continued burning throughout the night and for most of the following day, the tenth of Av.<ref name="donin" /> It is therefore customary to maintain all restrictions of the nine days through midday (''[[Noon#Solar noon|chatzos]]'') of the following day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch w/Mishnah Brurah 558:1</ref> When Tisha B'Av falls on a Saturday, and is therefore observed on Sunday, the 10th of Av, it is not necessary to wait until midday Monday to end restrictions of the nine days. However, one refrains from involvement in activity that would be considered "joyous", such as eating meat, drinking wine, listening to music, and saying the "shehecheyonu" blessing, until Monday morning. One can wash laundry and shave immediately after the end of a delayed Tisha B'Av.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=11 August 2019|title=When Tisha b'Av is Observed on Sunday|url=https://www.ou.org/holidays/fast-of-tisha-bav/when-tisha-bav-is-observed-on-sunday/|date=24 July 2015|website=Jewish Holidays}}</ref> When Tisha B'Av begins on Saturday night, the [[Havdalah]] ritual is postponed by 24 hours, as one could not drink the accompanying wine. One says ''Attah Chonantanu'' in the Saturday night [[Amidah|''Shemoneh Esrei'' prayer]] or says ''Baruch Hamavdil'' thus ending Shabbat. A blessing ''is'' made on the candle Saturday night. After Tisha B'Av ends on Sunday evening, the Havdalah ceremony is performed with wine (without candle or spices).<ref>''Kitzur Shulchan Aruch'' 125:6</ref> The laws of Tisha B'Av are recorded in the [[Shulchan Aruch]] [[Orach Chayim]] 552β557.
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)