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Trombe wall
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=== Advantages === * Indoor temperature swings are 10 °F to 15 °F less with indirect-gain systems than with direct-gain systems. Trombe walls perform better at maintaining a steady indoor temperature than other indirect-gain heating systems.<ref name="Myers1984" /> * Among the passive solar heating strategies, Trombe walls can harmonize the relationship between humans and the natural environment and are widely used because of advantages such as simple configuration, high efficiency, zero running cost and so on.<ref name="Hu" /> * While passive solar techniques can reduce annual heating demand up to 25%,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Yiwei |last2=Feng |first2=Wei |title=Integrating Passive Cooling and Solar Techniques into the Existing Building in South China |journal=Advanced Materials Research |date=24 October 2011 |volume=368-373 |pages=3717–3720 |doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.368-373.3717|s2cid=111116785 }}</ref> specifically using a Trombe wall in building can reduce a building's energy consumption up to 30% in addition to being environmentally friendly.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hordeski |first1=Michael F |title=Dictionary of Energy Efficiency Technologies |date=2004 |publisher=Fairmont Press |location=West Virginia, US |isbn=978-0824748104}}</ref> * Similarly, the energy heating savings of 16.36% can be achieved if a Trombe wall was added to the building envelope.<ref name="Briga">{{cite journal |last1=Briga-Sá |first1=Ana |last2=Martins |first2=Analisa |last3=Boaventura-Cunha |first3=José |last4=Lanzinha |first4=João Carlos |last5=Paiva |first5=Anabela |title=Energy performance of Trombe walls: Adaptation of ISO 13790:2008(E) to the Portuguese reality |journal=Energy and Buildings |date=May 2014 |volume=74 |pages=111–119 |doi=10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.01.040|bibcode=2014EneBu..74..111B }}</ref> * Glare, ultraviolet degradation, or reduction of night time privacy are not problems with a full-height Trombe wall system. * As seen in the Trombe wall design and construction section, the performance of the Trombe walls is well characterized for a variety of design and climate parameters. Possible other modifications can be adding a rigid insulation board to the foundation area and insulation curtains between the glass and thermal mass to avoid heat transfer into the building during undesired periods or heat loss from the Trombe wall to the foundation, or adding a ventilation system into the wall system (if the wall has upper and lower vents) to provide an additional heat transfer by air convection which is desirable to circulate the air evenly.<ref name="Briga"/> * Energy delivery to a living space is more controllable than for a direct-gain system. It can be immediate through convection to satisfy daytime loads or delayed through conduction and re-radiation from the thermal mass’ inside surface to meet the nighttime loads. * Multiple uses of solar energy components help greatly to reduce the overall labor and material cost of constructing a passively heated building.<ref name="Meltzer1985"/> * Roof ponds, as another passive solar heating strategy, do not work well with multistory buildings since only the top floor is in direct thermal contact with the roof. However, the Trombe walls can be the load-bearing structure of the buildings, so each floor's equator-facing facade can take the advantage of the Trombe wall system. * Compared to other passive solar systems, using the Trombe walls in commercial buildings with significant internal loads (people and electronic equipment) is useful because of the time lag involved in the transfer of energy through the wall into the space. Since the thermal mass reaches its capacity and becomes able to conduct heat in the evening hours, the space will benefit most by not causing potential overheating problems during occupied hours yet have little effect on heating costs if the building is not occupied after sundown.
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